2018 JC2 H2 Nitrogen Compounds Notes (upload for students)

H2 Chemistry 9729 Nitrogen Compounds P a g e | 1 E u n o i a J u n i o r C o l l e g e EUNOIA JUNIOR COLLEGE H2 CHEMISTRY (9729) ORGANIC CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ COPY (2018 JC2) NITROGEN COMPOUNDS Name: ___________________________________________ Civics Group: _________ Recommended References: 1. A-Level Chemistry (4th ed), E.N. Ramsden 2. Organic Chemistry (6th ed), R.T. Morrison, R.N. Boyd 3. Organic Chemistry – Structure and Reactivity (4th ed), S.N. Eğe 4. Organic Chemistry (5th ed), F.A. Carey 5. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/aminemenu.html Lecture Content Page 1. Introduction on Amines 2 2. Preparation of Amines 5 3. Basicity of Amines 7 4. Reactions of Amines 14 5. Introduction on Amino Acids 17 6. Reactions of Amino Acids 21 Learning Outcomes At the end of the lectures, you should be able to: (a) describe the formation of amines as exemplified by ethylamine (through amide and nitrile reduction) and by phenylamine (through the reduction of nitrobenzene) (b) describe the reaction of amines in the formation of salts (c) describe and explain the basicity of primary, secondary and tertiary amines in the gaseous phase (interpret as Lewis bases) (d) explain the relative basicities of ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine in aqueous medium, in terms of their structures (e) describe the reaction of phenylamine with aqueous bromine (f) describe the formation of amides from the condensation reaction between RNH 2 and R’COCl (g) describe the acid/base properties of amino acids and the formation of zwitterions (h) describe the formation of peptide (amide) bonds between α-amino acids and, hence, explain protein formation (i) describe the hydrolysis of proteins

H2 Chemistry 9729 Nitrogen Compounds P a g e | 2 E u n o i a J u n i o r C o l l e g e 1 Introduction on Amines 1.1 Structure & Classification  General formula of primary (1) amines : RNH2  Functional Group : primary or secondary or tertiary amine  Amines may be classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o) or tertiary (3o) depending on the number of alkyl/aryl groups attached to the N atom. primary secondary tertiary quaternary ammonium salt 1.2 Nomenclature  Many aliphatic amines are named by specifying the alkyl groups attached to the N atom, following by the ending -amine.  Many aromatic amines are named as derivatives of the simplest aromatic amine, e.g. phenylamine (aniline). Examples: Alkylamines Arylamines CH3CH2NH2 ethylamine 2-pentylamine phenylamine cyclohexylamine (phenylmethyl)amine / benzylamine 5-bromo-2-ethylph