2021_Atomic Structure_Lecture Notes_Tutors

St Andrew’s Junior College JC1 H1 Chemistry 2021 1 St Andrew’s Junior College H1 Chemistry 2021 Lecture Notes 2 Atomic Structure Assessment Objectives: Candidates should be able to: (a) identify and describe protons, neutrons and electrons in terms of their relative charges and relative masses (b) deduce the behaviour of beams of protons, neutrons and electrons in an electric field (c) describe the distribution of mass and charges within an atom (d) deduce the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms and ions given proton and nucleon numbers (and charge) (e) (i) describe the contribution of protons and neutrons to atomic nuclei in terms of proton number and nucleon number (ii) distinguish between isotopes on the basis of different numbers of neutrons present (f) describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers 1, 2 and 3 and also the 4s and 4p orbitals (g) describe the shapes of s and p orbitals [note : knowledge of wave functions is not required] (h) state the electronic configuration of atoms and ions given the proton number (and charge) (i) explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements (see the Data Booklet) (see also topic: The Periodic Table) (j) deduce the electronic configurations of elements from successive ionisation energy data (k) interpret successive ionisation energy data of an element in terms of the position of that element within the Periodic Table The Periodic Table Assessment Objective: For elements in the third period (sodium to chlorine), and i n Group 2 (magnesium to barium) and Group 17 (chlorine to iodine) candidates should be able to: (a) recognise variation in the electronic configuration across a Period and down a Group (b) describe and explain qualitatively the general trends and variations in atomic radius, ionic radius, first ionisation energy and electronegativity (i) across a Period in terms of shielding and nuclear charge (ii) down a Group in terms of increasing number of electronic shells, shielding and nuclear charge Content: 1. Atomic Structure 2. Principal Quantum Numbers, Subshells and Orbitals 3. Electronic Configurations 4. Periodic Properties 5. Experimental Determination of Ionisation Energies

St Andrew’s Junior College JC1 H1 Chemistry 2021 2 1 Atomic Structure 1.1 History of the Atomic Model

St Andrew’s Junior College JC1 H1 Chemistry 2021 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xazQRcSCRaY The development and revision of the atomic model over time is due to new evidence found through advances in theory and technology. This does not necessarily mean that the past atomic models are inaccurate, they are stil