IJC_H1_HISTORY_P1

9731/01/IJC/SEP14 INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2 in preparation for the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 1 HISTORY Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 Additional Materials: Writing Paper 8814/01 22 September 2014 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your name and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black ink on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, answers for Section A and Section B should be fastened separately. Section B should be fastened with a cover page. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This document consists of 4 printed pages. Innova Junior College [Turn over

9731/01/IJC/SEP14 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT 1 Read the Sources and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1, candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A Following the wars of 1956, 1967 and 1973, the functions of the UNTSO military observers have changed from time to time in light of changing circumstances, but they remained in the area, acting as go -betweens for the hostile parties and as the means by which isolated incidents could be contained and prevented from escalating into major conflicts. UNTSO personnel have also been available at short notice to form the nucleus of some other peacekeeping operations worldwide. The availability of UNTSO's military observers for almost immediate deployment after the Security Council had acted to create a new operation has been an enormous contributory factor to the success of those operations. Extracts taken from the official UN Website, 2014. Source B But from the start, once Israel was created and on its way to stability, the UN was largely excluded from the politics of the issue. UN peacekeepers were stationed on the Israeli - Egyptian border, and UNRWA, the UN Refugee Works Agency was established to provide for the refugees until such time as they would return home, but there was little involvement of the UN as an institution in political decision -making. That process was largely dominated by the Security Council ’s powerful permanent members - and by the time of the 1967 war, the U.S., France, Britain and the Soviet Union were in charge. For years following the 1967 war, the UN