MJC_H1_HISTORY

MJC/ JC2 PRELIM EXAMS 2014/ H1 HISTORY 8814 1 MERIDIAN JUNIOR COLLEGE Preliminary Examination Higher 1 ___________________________________________________________________ H1 History 8814 International History, 1945 - 2000 17 September 2014 3 Hours ___________________________________________________________________ READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics group clearly on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black ball point pen on both sides of the paper. Write the number of the question that you are attempting in the margin of every sheet of paper used. Start each question on a fresh sheet of paper. At the end of the examination, fasten this cover sheet and all your answers (in chronological order) securely together. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. All questions in this paper carry 25 marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question Marks Total ___________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 4 printed pages.

MJC/ JC2 PRELIM EXAMS 2014/ H1 HISTORY 8814 2 SECTION A You must answer Question 1. The Secretary-General in the Rwanda Crisis 1. Read the sources and then answer the question which follows. Source A Interviewer: For you personally, 10 years on, where does Rwanda sit emotionally for you? Boutros-Ghali: It is one of my greatest failures. I failed in Rwanda. My failure in Rwanda is greater than my failure in Somalia, because in Somalia, I was aware of what will happen once the international community withdrew from Somalia. But I was not aware of the degree of disaster in Rwanda, so it is a double failure. It is a failure that I was not able to convince the members of the Security Council to intervene, and it is another failure that I was not able to understand from the beginning the importance of what was going on. So we have a double failure. It took me weeks before suddenly we discovered that it was genocide. So this is another kind of failure. Interview on the Rwandan Genocide with former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, 2004 Source B In the days following the April 21 decision to reduce UNAMIR forces, mass killings skyrocketed. On April 29, Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali asked the Security Council to reconsider its decision and to consider "forceful action to restore law and order and end the massacres." On May 2, the Secretary General wrote to African heads of state requesting troops for an African peacekeeping force. The African force never materialized. In part, U.S. refusal to commit its own troops to the effort reduced the prestige of the mission and discouraged troop-contributing nations which would have been eager to join an American-led intervention. Accordingly, the U.N. Secretary General floated a new plan