RVHS_H1_HIST_P1

© RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examination 2 2015 Page 1 of 5 8814/01 History HISTORY 8814/01 Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 16 September 2015 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 5 printed pages. RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL Year 6 Preliminary Examination 2 In preparation for the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level HIGHER 1

© RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examination 2 2015 Page 2 of 5 8814/01 History Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UNITED NATIONS IN SOMALIA 1 Read the sources and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A At the root of the failure -- and its enduring legacy -- is the hatred most Somalis now feel for their would-be rescuer. That hatred is the result of a succession of bitter betrayals by the organization. In Somalian eyes, the United Nations' first betrayal came in January 1991, when the dictator Mohammed Siad Barre was overthrown after 21 years in power. As the U.N. forces hurriedly left, the country slid into civil war and famine. When full-scale war broke out a year later between the militias of Gen. Mohamed Farah Aidid and his arch -rival, Ali Mahdi Mohamed, the United Nations watched silently, not even offering humanitarian assistance. If one thing united Somalis from all walks of life in those dark days, it was anger at the United Nations for having abandoned the country. Under mounting pressure from relief agencies, the United Nations returned, belatedly, in April 1992, having brokered a cease -fire in February. Promises of relief aid slowly restored Somalian hopes. But when some 500 Pakistani Blue Berets finally did arrive last October, after a painstaking agreement worked out by Mr. Sahnoun, they were ill -equipped, stuck to their barracks and relied on hired Somali guns to protect them. Rakiya Omaar and Alex de Waal, co-directors of African Rights, a human rights organization based in London, writing in October 10 1993. Source B The resources to implement the Security Council’s many mandates in the 1990’s were totally inadequate. It was, of course, welcome news that the Council was working closely together on a day -by-day basis without the grinding clashes of the Cold War period. The problem was that with no effective Military Staff Committee and with no st anding forc