SAJC_H1_HISTORY_P1

© SAJC 2015 9731(01)/8814/15 1 ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examinations General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 & Higher 1 HISTORY Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 9731/01 8814 16 September 2015 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1 . Section B Answer any three questions. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn Over

© SAJC 2015 9731(01)/8814/15 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. The United Nations and Peacekeeping 1 Read the Sources and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A A strongly worded report issued today by an interna tional panel of experts hold both the United Nations and leading member countries, primarily the United States, responsible for failing to prevent or to end the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. T he report, commissioned by UN Secretary- General Annan, spares no one, including Mr Annan an d his predecessor, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. But the investigation did no t place all the blame on the United Nations. The leader of the investigation, Ingvar Carlsson, said it would ‘always be difficult to explain’ why the Security Council—managed by the world’s major p owers and not the United Nations bureaucracy—drastically cut the peacekeeping force in Rwanda when the genocide began, then increased it when the massacres were over. From the New York Times, 17 December 1999. Source B UNAMET was unable to halt the violence that broke o ut in 1999 and the majority of the mission’s staff was evacuated. Following ballot day the security situation in East Timor deteriorated, and after the results were announced, there was an eruption of violence. Pro- integration militias conducted organised, coordinat ed operations through population centres, ransacking towns and forcibly displacing hundreds o f thousands of East Timorese to West Timor and the hinterlands. Moving from town to town and village to vill