HCI_H1_HIST_8821

This document consists of 4 printed pages and 1 blank page. Excluding the cover page. HWA CHONG INSTITUTION JC2 Preliminary Examination Higher 1 HISTORY The Cold War and the Modern World (1945 – 2000) Additional Materials: Answer Paper 8821 10 September 2018 3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name and CT class clearly on every sheet of writing paper submitted. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Please start every question on a fresh sheet of paper and label each question clearly. If you did not manage to complete a question, please hand in a piece of blank paper with your name and CT on it. At the end of the examination, fasten your responses with the string provided together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

8821/HCI/PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION/2018 1 Section A You must answer Question 1. The End of the Cold War and Collapse of the USSR 1. Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A A cartoon in a British newspaper, 1988 Source B East-West relations, which were at the top of her list in discussions here with Reagan and Bush, have been profoundly affected by Gorbachev's policies, Thatcher declared. The previous "minimal relationship" with Moscow that narrowly centered on arms control has now been expanded to encompass trade, culture and many other major issues, she said. "I expect Mr. Gorbachev to do everything he can to continue his reforms. We will support it," said Thatcher, who will play host to the Soviet leader in London Dec. 12-14, a few days after he meets with Reagan and Bush in New York. Thatcher, along with Reagan, has been among the most conservative of major world leaders when it comes to domestic policy and military requirements. However, she has been outspokenly impressed with Gorbachev from her first meeting with him in London in December 1984, three months before he took power in the Kremlin, when she said in a then- controversial remark that "we can do business together." An American newspaper report, November 1988

8821/HCI/PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION/2018 2 Source C The one-time movie actor accomplished something no one had been able to do. He won the Cold War - without firing a shot. When Reagan took office in 1980, the world had existed for decades under the threat of nuclear holocaust between communism and democracy. The two superpowers had steadily growing atomic arsenals of incredible destructive power. Early on in his presidency, Reagan moved to hone the nation's defenses to razor edge. That military buildup, together with spending billions on the so-called "Star Wars" defense program, forced the Soviets into a more heated ef