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© ACJC 2018 9752/01/ Preliminary Examinations/18 1 ANGLO-CHINESE JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS HISTORY 9752/01 Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 14 August 2018 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number, and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Begin each question on a fresh sheet of paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question This document consists of 5 printed pages. © ACJC History Department 2018 [Turn over

© ACJC 2018 9752/01/ Preliminary Examinations/18 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE SOVIET-AFGHAN WAR AND THE END OF BIPOLARITY 1 Read the sources and then answer the questions, which follow. Source A The ignoble Soviet exit from Afghanistan became a global symbol for the failure of Moscow’s Third World policies. Most Soviets initially resented the costs of the war and the lack of results, rather than the policies that had produced that outcome. But since a substantial part of the CPSU regime’s overall legitimacy was based on its superpower role abroad, the failure in Afghanistan became a deadly challenge to the key concept of its foreign policy: Soviet military power and the global advance of socialism. The decision to withdraw from Afghanistan was a conscious choice by the Gorbachev leadership. In spite of the economic costs, the human losses, and the criticism at home and abroad, there is little doubt that the Soviet Union could have held on to the 1985 status quo in Afghanistan for a very long time if it had so wished. But by early 1987, the general secretary had decided to withdraw the Soviet forces, and over the following two years the political direction was clear. Soviet economic difficulties played an important role with regard to Afghanistan, as indeed they did in all of Gorbachev’s policies. The dramatic drop in its surplus income that the Soviet state experienced in the beginning of the 1980s – mostly as an effect of the drop in price of its main raw material exports – brought out the worst in a planned economy in which weapons expenditure played such a major role. From a book by a professor of international history, 2006. Source B Some people think that the Russian military might is invincible, but is not the six year long resistance of th