2013_PJC_H1_Econs

Candidate Name: __________________________ CT Group: _______ Index number: __________ ECONOMICS 8819/01 Higher 1 Paper 1 16 September 2013 3 hours Additional materials: Writing Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer one question. At the end of the examination, fasten your answers for Questions 1, 2 and 3 or 4 separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or question part. This document consists of 8 printed pages [Turn over PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 Preliminary Examination 2013

2 Section A Answer all questions in this section. Question 1: Car pollution Figure 1 Figure 2 Source: World Bank Extract 1: Pollution from car emissions killing millions An explosion of car use has made fast-growing Asian cities the epicentre of global air pollution. Worldwide, a record 3.2m people a year died from air pollution in 2010, compared with 800,000 in 2000. It now ranks for the first time in the world's top 10 list of killer diseases, says the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. According to a UN report - in 2010, more than 2.1m people in Asia died prematurely from air pollution, mostly from the minute particles of diesel soot and gasses emitted from cars and lorries. 65% of all air pollution deaths are now in Asia. Air pollution also contributes to higher rates of cognitive decline, strokes and heart attacks. The full effects of air pollution on health in Asian cities may not be seen for years. Toxic effects like cancer surface after a long latency period. Therefore, exposure to air pollution will have to be reduced today to reduce the burden of disease. Improvements in car and fuel technology hav e been made since 2000 but these are nullified by the sheer increase in car numbers. Nearly 18m are expected to be sold this year alone. Experts suggested the need to "demand restraint measures", to put a check on the growing number of cars so that there was a check on pollution. Adapted from The Guardian, 17 Dec 2012 0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 China CO2 emissions (kt) 0 10 20 30 40 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 China Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)

3 Extract 2: Test-bedding of Electric Vehicles In Singapore A multi-agency taskforce comprising of different ministries, statutory boards and industrial partners are involved in the Electric Vehicles (EVs) test-bedding programme. $20 million has been set as