RVHS_H2_ECONS_Essay_Q4
Uploaded by hima · 3 June 2023
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Faced with a huge budget deficit, the governments of many countries have had their hands tied in reviving their economies. a) Explain the factors that will determine whether a budget deficit is a major concern to an economy. [8] b) Assess the policy options available to stimulate an economy if their budget deficit is of a major concern. [17] ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Part (a) Budget deficit occurs when the government spending exceeds the tax revenue she collects. Whether the budget deficit will turn out to be a major concern for the economy depends on several factors. A budget deficit can be a major concern for the economy if the government does not have reserves to finance her deficit as this meant that she will need to borrow to finance this deficit. If the government borrows from the domestic sector via the sale of bonds or treasury bills, this will increase the demand for money and thus pushes up the interest rate assuming money supply remain constant. Consequently, this will discourage private borrowing, thus reducing private investment and consumption. As such if the excessive government spending comes at the expense at the fall in private investment and consumption, private investment will be crowded out, thereby rendering the expansionary fiscal policy as ineffective. Similarly, if the government borrows from the external sector, there will be a real burden imposed on the citizens. Also, whether the budget deficit is a concern for the economy depends whether the government is prudent with their spending. If the money is put into productive uses such as towards infrastructure developing like improving roads and communication networks, education etc., then the productive capacity of the country will increase. This may in turn increase investment levels in the country, thereby potentially generating more tax revenue for the government. However, if the money is put into wasteful spending such as having meetings and conferences at 5‐star hotels, then budget deficit may be a concern since the future generations may have to pay higher taxes to finance the debt. A budget deficit may be a concern for the economy if it was persistent as this could mean there is something fundamentally wrong with the government budget position or there is something structurally wrong in the economy. For instance, if the reason for deficit is attributed to high level of unemployment benefits paid out and low level of income tax collected, this could imply that unemployment levels are high in the country and hence involves a loss of potential national output (i.e. GDP operating well below potential) and is a waste of scarce resources. However, if the budget deficit is only te
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