RVHS_H2_ECONS_Essay_Q5
Uploaded by hima · 3 June 2023
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© RVHS 2014 1 RVHS 2014 Preliminary Examinations II Question 5 Suggested Answers The IMF highlighted that the first line of defence against slowing growth should be to allow the automatic stabilisers to operate, monetary policy easing and measures to ease the flow of credit. a) Explain how automatic stabilisers and measures to ease the flow of credit are the first line of defence against slowing growth. [8] b) Discuss whether it is useful to adopt a more aggressive fiscal policy. [17] a) Explain how automatic stabilisers and measures to ease the flow of credit are the first line of defence against slowing growth. [8] Automatic stabilisers or non‐discretionary fiscal policy refers to features of government expenditure and taxation that change automatically (without government intervention) to smooth out the level of fluctuations in the economy while measures to ease the flow of credit refer to policies to ensure that credit is still available to borrowers during times of slowing economic growth. During times of slowing economic growth, certain sectors may see a contraction and as such, workers in these sectors are likely to see their income falling or even lose their income. In these sectors, automatic stabilisers will kick in automatically to reduce the rate of decrease in income. Examples of automatic stabilisers include progressive income tax and unemployment benefits. Progressive income tax takes away a smaller proportion of income as income level falls. An example of progressive income tax is the personal income tax and in those sectors where income is falling, tax payments to government will fall. Thus, the presence of automatic stabilisers acts as a first line of defence as they help to slow down the rate of fall in economic growth. During times of slowing economic growth, banks are likely to tighten credit as economic outlook turns pessimistic and banks become more cautious over the prospects of loan recovery. As such, availability of credit tends to fall during periods of slowing economic growth. In view of these, governments tend to row out measures to ease the flow of credit. One example is the special risk‐sharing initiative implemented by Singapore during the financial crisis in 2009. The Singapore Government decided to take on a significant share of the risks of bank lending during 2009. Under the special risk‐sharing initiative, it includes the New Bridging Loan Programme where Government takes on 80% of the risk for loans made to meet the capital needs of firms and the Trade Financing scheme where Government take on 75% of the risk for loans made to firms for them to fulfill their orders as well as insurance. As such, the special risk‐sharing initiative helps viable companies to get the funding that they need to see them through the
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