RVHS_H2_ECONS_CSQ2
Uploaded by hima · 3 June 2023
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2014 RVHS H2 CSQ2 (a) With reference to Table 2, identify how the Russian economy had fared against the other emerging economies. Justify your answers. [3] Russia fared the worst of the 3 emerging economies. The economic growth of Russia was consistently lower than the other two economies with the exception of 2008, which its growth surpasses that of India. During 2009 financial crisis, the economy was the only one that contracted. (b) Explain why increased exchange rate flexibility is a crucial precondition for a more effective interest rate. [3] Approach 1 Monetary policy is often used to stimulate growth or dampen inflationary pressure. Suppose the Central Bank desires to increase i/r to dampen inflationary pressure. When i/r increases, it will lead to short‐term capital inflow, causing the exchange rate to appreciate. This appreciation leads to exports to be relatively more expensive and imports to be relatively cheaper. Assuming Marshall‐Lerner condition is satisfied, net‐exports will fall. Hence, the increased exchange rate flexibility enables the exchange rate changes to be more significant and hence enabling a more significant impact on net exports. (c) Explain why the robust Russia’s public finance might not continue. [4] Any 2 of the 3 Approach 1 From Extract 7, it was mentioned that oil prices were forecasted to stagnate and the economy in Europe was stumbling. These might cause a fall in export revenue from the sale of oil and hence a fall in government revenue given that these oil exporters are likely to be state‐owned enterprises. Approach 2 It was stated that government welfare spending was up from 11% of Russian household income in 2007 to 18% in 2011. This increase in welfare spending was likely to continue especially given the ageing population and the poor economic outlook. With higher government spending, the public finance would likely worsen. Approach 3 Extract 6 pointed out that ageing population, unproductive workers, the reluctance to invest over the long term and concerns about Russia are factors that would dampen AD and reduce the productive capacity of the Russian economy. With this fall in AD and AS, the national income would be adversely affected. As such, the tax revenue derived by the government would fall. In addition, if expansionary fiscal policy or supply side policies were to be implemented, government expenditure would increase. Both of which would worsen the public finance.
(d) State two possible reasons why Russia has not made any commitment to reduce its export tariffs for its energy exports in its agreement with the WTO. [2] [Any two possible reasons below] It is an important source of tax reve
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