HCI_H2_ECONS_Q4
Uploaded by hima · 3 June 2023
Preview
4a. Explain what might cause a current account deficit in the balance of payment. [10] 4b. When faced with a deteriorating trade balance, some countries turn to protectionism. However, countries like Singapore do not engage in protectionism. Discuss why governments use different policies to achieve healthy trade balance. [15] Outline a) The Balance of Payments (BOP) for a country is a summary statement of the money value of all economic transactions between the residents of the country with the rest of the world during a specified period of time, usually one year. The Current Account in the BOP shows the flow of goods and services, plus incomes flowing into and out of the country, plus net transfer of money into and out of the country. A deficit in the current account is mainly due to M>X. Explain causes of X<M (any 3 but must include mixture of explanations on X & M, candidates may also give other reasons not stated here) ↓X ‐ Loss of comparative advantage due to competition from emerging economies or depletion of resources The law of comparative advantage states that countries should specialize in the production of goods for which it has a lower opportunity cost. Many developed countries have lost their comparative advantage in the production of low‐end manufacturing goods with the emergence of low‐cost economies like China. Her abundance in cheap labour, vast land and other resources, resulted in a lower opportunity cost than the developed countries when it comes to production of such goods. This results in a loss in export competitiveness of the developed countries as the Chinese products are preferred due to their lower price. When price of China’s export is cheaper, importers will import from China and their demand for the developed economies’ exports will fall assuming a high degree of substitutability between these exports. ↓X ↑M ‐ Higher relative inflation rate A rise in a country’s inflation rate will cause her exports to be more expensive and imports to be cheaper. Assume demand for exports is price‐elastic due to the availability of substitutes, a rise in price of exports will cause quantity demanded to fall more than proportionate and the export revenue will fall. And if the rise in inflation rate is higher than other trading partners, the demand for exports will fall and so will revenue. Assume domestic goods and imports are substitutes that deemed by consumers to be alternatives to satisfy similar wants. Thus with a higher inflation rate, a rise in price of domestic goods will cause demand for imports to rise, leading to a higher import expenditure. As a result, a fall in export revenue together with a rise in import expenditure will worsen the balance of trade. ↓X ‐ Unfair trade practices by trading partners e.g. undervaluation of currency, protectionism Countries like US have accu
Content continues in the PDF.
Related notes
- Globalisation 2026 SH2 H2 Econ Ch15 Seminar notesNotes/Practices · 2026
- RICentral Problem of EconomicsNotes/Practices · 2025
- RI Price Mechanism its ApplicationsNotes/Practices · 2025
- RI 2026 Aims Issues Policies T2W8 Class Test 4MYEs/CAs/Other Tests · 2026
- 2026 How the Macroeconomy Works T1W9 Class Test 2 Mark SchemeMYEs/CAs/Other Tests · 2026
- RI 2026 Macroeconomic Aims and Issues Student T2W5 Class Test 3 Mark SchemeMYEs/CAs/Other Tests · 2026

