MJC_H1_ECON_ESSAY_Q4
Uploaded by hima · 3 June 2023
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In light of the trend towards globalization, achieving a healthy Balance of Payments is the top macro‐economic objective for governments a) Explain the domestic and external effects of changes in exchange rates on the macro economy (10m) b) Assess the view that the Singapore government should focus on achieving a healthy balance of Payments as its main macroeconomic goal (15m) Suggested answer scheme: Part a) Intro: explain that exchange rates are determined through the use of market forces (DD&SS). Changes in exchange rates could be due to changes in the demand and/or supply of the currency. External effects would be related to the external sector of the economy (BOP) while domestic effects would be related to the impact on the other macroeconomic indicators (employment, growth and inflation) Development: (student may choose to explain the effects of either an appreciation or a depreciation of the currency) Domestic effects of an appreciation of the currency would be to increase the price of exports in foreign currency, and reduce the price of imports in domestic currency. Assuming the M‐L condition holds, the value of net exports would fall, and the AD curve would shift to the left. This would reduce national income, growth and employment through the multiplier process (illustrate using AD/AS diagram) An appreciation of the currency could also attract investments into the country due to higher returns, hence increasing AD and leading to actual growth. In the long run, potential growth could also be achieved, resulting in a rightward shift of the AS. (Illustrate using AD/AD diagram) External effects of an appreciation would be to reduce the value of net exports, hence reducing the current account balance of the BOP, ceteris paribus. However, the inflow of investments from abroad could help to improve the balance on the capital account. Conclusion: Changes in exchange rates would have consequences both on the domestic and external sectors of the economy, and these effects would be magnified, given the current trend towards globalization.
Knowledge, Application, Understanding and Analysis L3 Explanation of both the domestic and external effects of a change in the exchange rate on the macroeconomic goals of a country, with the use of analytical tools and evaluation 7-10 L2 Undeveloped explanation, e.g. an explanation of the domestic or external effects but not both OR on some descriptive explanation of the effect on the macroeconomic goals 4-6 L1 For an answer which has some basic correct facts such as an unexplained list of potential effects on the macro economy and/or an understanding of the effect of exchange rate changes on the prices of exports and imports. 1-3 Part (b) Intro: State the macroeconomic goals of the government: All governments aim to achieve full employment, price stability, high and sustained economic growth and healthy BOP Development: Thesis: A healthy BOP should be
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