SRJC 2008 JC2H2Prelim P2

SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2008 H2 GEOGRAPHY 9730/2 Higher 2 Paper 2 Human Geography Wednesday 27 Aug 2008 3 hours Additional materials: Writing paper INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, civics group on every answer sheet. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighter, glue or correction fluid. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Insert 1 contains all the Figures referred to in the question paper. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 5 printed pages. [Turn over

2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1 Fig. 1 shows the changing regional shares of global manufacturing from 1970 to 2000. (a) Describe and suggest reasons for the trends shown in Fig. 1. [6] (b) Using examples, assess the impact of t he global shift of manufacturing on more developed countries. [6] Population Issues and Challenges 2 Fig. 2 shows the crude birth rates and crude death rates for India (1925 – 2004) and Singapore (1930 – 2004). (a) In which stage of the demographic transition model was Singapore in 1950? [1] (b) Using Fig. 1, compare the crude birth rate and crude death rate trends for India and Singapore between 1930 and 2004. [3] (c) What factors might help to explain changes in fertility over time? [8] Urban Issues and Challenges 3 Fig. 3 shows the distribution of squatter settlements in Lima in 2004. Lima is the capital of Peru, an LDC in Latin America. In 2004 the city’s population was 7.8 million. (a) Compare the location and extent of squatter settlements in the districts named Metropolitan Lima and Cono Sur. [4] (b) Squatter settlements can be seen as ‘slums of hope’. Explain why living in a squatter settlement may be a positive experience for many people. [8] [Turn over

3 Population Issues and Challenges / Urban Issues and Challenges 4 Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D show the age-sex structure of the population of four districts of San Diego, a city in California, USA, in 1990. (a) Describe one method by which the demographic data shown in age-sex diagrams may be obtained. [3] (b) Supporting your answers with information from the figures, identify which district of San Diego was likely to be, (i) the location of the state university; (ii) the destination of migrant workers; (iii) a gentrified retirement area. [3] (c) How may the development of socially and economically segregated areas within cities be explained? [8] [Turn over

4 Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 5 EITHER (a) To what extent is it poss ible to measure development? [9] (b) With reference to examples, consider the extent to which the new international division of labour (NIDL) has been responsible for the global shift of economic activities in the last 15 years. [16] OR (a) Illustrate and explain the new technologies being increasingly practised at the work place. [9] (b) With reference to one transnational corporation you have studied, describe its spatial organisation and assess its economic and social impact in the country in which it operates. [16] Population Issues and Challenges 6 EITHER (a) Explain the implications of an ageing population for government spending. [9] (b) Japan is a developed country (DC) with an ageing population. Japan’s National Institute of Population has predicted that the population will be extinct (zero) by the year 3387. To what extent do you agree that such a prediction is of little value? [16] OR (a) With reference to examples, describe the main types of internal migration of population. [9] (b) ‘The social and economic impacts of internal migrations are greater on the source areas than on the destinations.’ With reference to LDCs, how far do you agree with this statement? [16] [Turn over

5 Urban Issues and Challenges 7 EITHER (a) Account for the growth of mega-cities in developed countries (DCs) and less developed countries (LDCs). [9] (b) Using examples, assess the success of strategies used to manage housing problems in less developed countries (LDCs). [16] OR (a) Using specific examples, describe and explain the changes in population and resulting problems of the inner city in developed countries. [9] (b) With reference to examples you have studied, assess the extent to which attempts to improve the inner city in DCs have been successful. [16] End of Paper