SRJC H2 GEO P2 2018 answer scheme

1 Name: _____________________________________ CG: ________ Date: ________________ SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 H2 P2 GEOGRAPHY 2018 Preliminary Answer Scheme DRQ 1 Rubric Criteria to hit Marks Reflection (i) How different is my answer from the rubric? (ii) Why is it different? a) Using Resource 1, identify the features that show attempts to regenerate the High Line. Some ideas : • Greening of the city via the creation of the linear park improves aesthetic appeal and improves the walkeability of the high line • Pedestrianisation (building of an elevated linear park facilitates pedestrian flows above vehicular traffic). • Addition of cultural attractions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art and The Plinth appeal to both locals and tourists • etc [4] (b) Suggest reasons why the students conducted focus group discussions and categorised the focus groups as shown in Resource 2. • As the research focus is about the needs of low income groups, focus groups provide a means to derive a rich source of qualitative data.  Personal contact between the facilitator and pa rticipants often results in more meaningful answers. [5]

2  In focus groups, participants can build on each others’ answers, leading to a wider range of responses. • Unlike interviews, focus groups allows for the research er to gather the opinions of a large number of people for comparatively little time and expense. • The participants are categorised according to age and ethnicity as different demographic characteristics have different needs and experiences of the High Line :  For younger age groups, they may desire more recreation and leisure along the High Line. While older age groups, may desire more job opportunities and access to affordable amenities / services.  Ethnic minorities may be seeking more inclusive activities • Being in a group with similar age and ethnicity may also make the participants more at ease, facilitating the generation of responses (c) Explain how the group may overcome ethical concerns they face in their colle ction of primary data for this investigation. • Informed consent – Before the session, the group should be informed of the research focus, demands and risks associated with the focus group discussion • Communicate and enforce ground rules - In a focus group setting, participants may be rude and judgemental ; the student facilitator should enforce expectations on appropriate behaviour during the session. • Be respectful when speaking to participants – do not pass judgment or make jokes about what they share • Do not ask sensitive information – Avoi d asking personal information such as income, employment, specific age, marital status. If su ch information needs to be solicited, do so via self- administered questionnaire survey so as to protect the privacy of the participants. [4]

3 d) Outline the steps you will take to analyse and present the data collected from the focus group discussions. Record Transcription Coding : - Prepare a list of themes/topics ; these were serve as codes in the transcript - Annotate these themes/topics in the transcript Presentation of data : - Prepare an executive summary with the key findings from the coding and analysis of the transcript [5]

4 (e) Using Resources 1 and 3, evaluate if the needs of local residents have been met and suggest how this evaluation can aid urban planning. Level Marks Descriptors 3 6-7 Response demonstrates a clear knowledge and understanding of the context in the question. Uses relevant, detailed and accurate factual information and conceptual understanding. Reflects strong critical thinking skills and may include perceptive insights for the strongest responses. Source(s) is well used to support the response. Provides a logical and well-developed evaluation well founded on evidence and/or different viewpoints. OR Makes a decision which clearly addresses different elements of the issue and/or interest of different stakeholders 2 4-5 A satisfactory response which is generally sound and contains relevant points, but may not always focus on the context in the question. Uses factual information and conceptual understanding that is generally appropriate to the given context but lacks detail and may contain some in accuracies. Displays general critical thinking skills. Source(s) is used to support parts of the response. Provides an evaluation, which may be limited in depth and sufficient elaboration in some parts. OR Shows some attempt to address different elements of the issue and/or views of different stakeholders when making a decision but is not well-developed 1 1-3 Response shows a poor understanding of the context in the question. Uses basic factual information and conceptual understanding which has some, but limited relevance to the question. Source(s) is not used or not accurately used to support the response. Provides little or no evaluation [7]

5 OR •evidence of decision-making, if present, is simple and may be flawed 0 0 No creditworthy response. Evaluation Overall evaluation : Largely not met, given the dominance of negative feedback regarding regeneration efforts. Evident that the bulk of new amenities, services and in frastructural improvements cater to tourists and the rich, neglecting the needs of low-income residents. • To some extent , yes:  Cite relevant evidence • To a large extent, no :  Provision of amenities and services lacking  Recreation inadequate  Likely that specific groups feel more excluded than others o Although the estate is near the High Line Park, which is accessible by two stairs, this may be inaccessible to the elderly and immobile o Closing down of nearby provision shops affects the elderly more, as they are less physically mobile and will have difficulty accessing shops further away • More information needed to assess if needs have been met:  Types of needs of specific demographic groups  Employment opportunities Relevance to urban authorities • By understanding the impacts of such urban regeneration projects on low income residents, urban authorities are able to plan for infrastructure, am enities and services that are more inclusive. For example :  Ensuring that there is a catchment of provision shops and cheaper eateries closer to low-income public housing estates.  Plan for more appealing arts and cultural activities (eg – Latin dance parties) along the High line

6  Creating recreational spaces for local communities in their neighbourhood (such as skating parks)

7 DRQ 4 Rubric Criteria to hit Marks Reflection (i) How different is my answer from the rubric? (ii) Why is it different? a) Suggest three reasons for the tr ends in Myanmar’s electricity pr oduction by hydropower from 2003- 2012, as observed in Resource 1. o Steady increase and subsequent domination of hydropower as a source of electricity (cite stats) o Possible reasons :  High costs of importing or extracting fossil fuels, thus rendering hydropower a less costly energy option  Abundance of rivers located in mountainous areas make tapping hydropower economically feasible  Financial support from international banks to develop hydropower capabilities due to increasing emphasis on renewable energy (esp in light of climate change) [5] (b) Using Resource 2, compare the distribution of existing and planned hydropower plants in Myanmar. Existing Planned Difference 1 Southern and central regions of Myanmar Northern and more peripheral regions of Myanmar [4]

8 Difference 2 Located close to major cities and state capitals. For instance, there is a cluster of 4 hydro power plants near Nay Pyi Taw, 4 plants near Lol