2021 S4OP SS Prelim SNGS

Name: _________________________ ( ) Class: _____________ PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION ORDINARY LEVEL HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies 2272/01, 2273/01, 2274/01 25 August 2021 1 hour 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, register number, and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer both questions. Write all answers on writing paper. You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the assessment, fasten all your work securely together. Keep your question paper. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1blank page. [Turn Over

2 SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Answer all questions. Living in a Diverse Society Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 Study Source A. What is the attitude of the cartoonist towards the immigration situation? Explain your answer. [5] 2 Study Sources B and C. How far do the sources agree on the validity of the concerns? Explain your answer. [6] 3 Study Source D How useful is this source as evidence on the government’s response towards immigration concerns? Explain your answer. [7] 4 Study Sources E and F. Does Source E make Source F surprising? Explain your answer. [7] 5 ‘Increasing immigration rates is the most effective method of solving skill labour shortage.’ Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

3 How can skilled labour shortage be solved? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer the questions. The challenge of skilled labour shortage occurs in both developed and developing countries. Many developed economies are experiencing an ageing workforce which results in a shortage of skilled labour in certain industries such as healthcare. This results in an urgent need for skilled labour and overall decreasing productivity. This is further exacerbated by the immigration of young locals to other countries to seek a better quality of life, a phenomenon known as brain drain. Many of these countries turn to welcoming immigrants to fill the labour gap. However, with an increased rate of immigration, there is also an increasing need to quickly integrate immigrants into the society so as to minimise negative interactions between locals and the new immigrants. Some have also said that using immigrants to fulfil the demand for skilled labour is a short -term measure that does not solve the problem. In light of the above, how can countries solve the problem of skilled labour shortage? Source A: A cartoon by an Indian cartoonist about the ageing population in Greece. This was posted on a blog in 2016. The lady in the wheelchair is wearing a Greek robe, a traditional Greek attire.

4 Source B: From comments of a third generation Singaporean Arab researcher at a forum on social diversity in Singapore, 2016. When we talk about integration and assimilation, I tend to be interested in the people who were getting citizenship and permanent residency, not the transients. I expect the transient workers to maintain their identity; to not really want to assimilate, because they are here for three to four years and packing up and going back home. P eople are probably afraid of or think that there are too many foreigners coming in. This increases the resentment we feel towards foreigners in the country. The speed is not really that great. It is only the high influx on the street — when we walk on the street we see a lot of for eign people. We need to get Singaporeans to understand that what you see on the street are not people coming to settle here forever. So we are actually getting a decent number of people to keep us going, there are a lot of people coming here because we definitely need foreigners to keep the country going, I think people should be more relaxed about it. Source C: From a research on immigration perceptions in Singapore by a think tank, 2021. 51.1% of over 2000 Singaporeans surveyed across different age groups agree that immigration helps to fill important job vacancies. Naturalised citizens and PRs, as well as younger Singaporeans, were more likely to view the impact positively. They were also more likely to agree that immigrants strengthen cultural diversity. While 40.3 per cent of locally born citizens agreed that immig ration leads to social conflict, only 29.6 per cent of naturalised citizens and PRs agreed with the same statement. Older and locally born citizens wanted stricter limits on the number of foreigners who can enter Singapore. Around half of Singaporeans aged above 50 also believed immigration increased unemployment for Singapore, compared with 38.4 per cent of those aged between 21 and 35. Source D: From a speech by Minister of Manpower Josephine Teo to parliament, 2018. We should press on to raise productivity in all sectors of our economy. To sustain a healthy growth momentum that provides good jobs for Singaporeans, some workforce growth is still necessary. We will continue to support higher labour force participation among locals and balance thes e efforts with a calibrated flow of foreign workers that complements our local workforce. We are selective about the profile of our immigrants, because it affects how we grow a strong national identity. This is why we prioritise not only those who can contribute, but those who are also prepared to sink roots in Singapore, and can integrate well here. A significant proportion of citizens granted each year have family ties with Singaporeans, and/or have lived here for some time. Integration will always be a w ork-in-progress and take time. Without which, immigration efforts will be unsustainable.

5 Source E: A cartoon by an American cartoonist published in a newspaper, 2018. Source F: From a labour productivity report on an Australian new site, 2018. One in four unemployed Australians are graduates. But employers might not want to employ and train them if they can get similarly skilled overseas employees willing to work for lower pay. Migration works in practice to boost the aging population as it fills the gap for skilled labour, increases taxes and boosts demand. Yet productivity has slowed since the mid-2000s despite high migration. Evidence also indicates two problems: employers are not nurturing migration talent to full potential and the unwillingness to employ new migrants. Many permanent skilled migrants work beneath their skill level. Foreigners feel that Australian employers discriminate against hiring anyone who doesn't have local experience. Migrants are in a classic Catch- 22 situation – they couldn’t get local experience because they didn’t have local experience. This problem is not unique to Australia. Immigrants contribute $1.6 billion annually to Nebraska (located in the United States)’s economy Sorry – we just have no interest in wasting our best years in a state that embraces bigotry and racism. But with th