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1 ___________________________________________________________________HUMANITIES 2272/2273/2274 Paper 1 Social Studies 24 August 2020 1 hour 45 minutesAdditional Materials:Writing Paper___________________________________________________________________READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite all answers on the Writing Paper provided.Write in dark blue or black ink.Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.Begin Section B on a fresh sheet of paper.Hand in Section A and Section B separately. Section AAnswer all parts of Question 1.Section BAnswer both parts of Question 2.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 7 printed pages. CHIJ ST. THERESA’S CONVENTPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2020SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS / 5 NORMAL (ACADEMIC)

2SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study)Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates.1Exploring Citizenship and GovernanceStudy the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.(a)Study Source A.Why was the cartoon published? Explain your answer. [5](b)Study Sources B and C.How similar are Sources B and C? Explain your answer. [6](c)‘The government is largely responsible for the water crisis.’ Using sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

3What has contributed to the water crisis around the world?BACKGROUND INFORMATIONRead this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions.Water scarcity happens when water resources fail to meet the demand for them. The increase in world population, rapid urbanisation and improved agricultural practices has made water an essential resource. Presently there are countries which face difficulties in meeting water demand. Climate change has caused more droughts and rivers to dry up. Pollution has contaminated water sources and made them unsafe for drinking. In some countries, higher consumption of water has led to a greater waste of water resources. Some governments have been criticised for not prioritising access to clean water for their citizens and not enforcing water laws to protect their sources of water. Study the following sources to understand what has contributed to the water crisis around the world. Source A: A cartoon by the Water and Sanitation Program, 2016. The program highlights water challenges faced by countries around the world. IndustriesHouseholdsElectricity Agriculture

4Source B:Adapted from an article on an Australian news site about the water shortage in America, 2020. A harmful algae bloom overwhelmed the Toledo Water Intake Crib* which provides drinking water to nearly 500,000 people in and around the city of Toledo.Tests r