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1 ___________________________________________________________________HUMANITIES 2272/2273/2274Paper 1 Social Studies 24 August 2020 Answer scheme 1 hour 45 minutes___________________________________________________________________(a)Study Source A.Why is the cartoon published? Explain your answer. [5]LevelDescriptorsMarksL1Answers based on the provenance of the source e.g. The cartoon in Source A was published to highlight water challenges faced by countries around the world. 1L2Answers based on valid inference(s) of sourceAward 2 marks for one valid inference, unsupported. Award 3 marks for one valid inference, supported. e.g. The cartoon in Source A was published to show that that there were different sectors that are competing for water. This can be seen in Source A where it shows several groups such as household, industry, agriculture and electricity providers fighting over a bucket of water. This means that are different groups of people demanding for water. 2-3L3L2 + Purpose Award 5 marks for more fully developed answers, supportede.g. The cartoon was published in Source A to convince (aim) the government (audience) that water is required by many sectors such as household, industry, agriculture and electricity providers. By doing so, it hopes that the government will implement policies to address the increasing demand for water as water is a scarce resource. (anticipated outcome)4-5 CHIJ ST. THERESA’S CONVENTPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2020SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS / 5 NORMAL (ACADEMIC)

2ORe.g. The cartoon was published in Source A to convince (aim) the international community (audience) that water is required by many sectors such as household, industry, agriculture and electricity providers. By doing so, it is hoped that the international community will pressure their governments to implement policies to address the demand for water as water is a scarce resource (anticipated outcome).(b)Study Sources B and C.How similar are Sources B and C? Explain your answer. [6]LevelDescriptorsMarksL1Similarity OR Difference, based on provenance/topic/false matchinge.g. Sources B and C are different as Source B is taken from an Australian news site while Source C is taken from an American news site.ORe.g. Sources B and C are similar as both are on the topic of water scarcity. ORe.g. Source B tells me that the water crisis was caused by individuals and industries but Source C tells me about what the government is doing about the water crisis. 1 L2Similarity OR Difference in content unsupported(BOC must be valid and accurate)e.g. Sources B and C are similar in telling us that there is a shortage of clean water in America. ORe.g. Sources B and C are different in telling us about the reasons for water pollution in America.2L3Similarity OR Difference in content, supported (BOC must be valid and accurate)3

3e.g. Sources B and C are similar in telling us that there is a shortage of clean water in America. Source B states “A harmful algae bloom overwhelmed the Toledo Water Intake Crib* which provides drinking water to nearly 500,000 people in and around the city.”. Similarly, Source C states “A poisonous algae whose toxin, called microcystin was contaminating the Toledo Water Intake Crib.”. The two sources suggest that America is facing water scarcity as their water source is polluted. ORe.g. Sources B and C are different in telling us about the reasons for water pollution in America. Source B shows that industries caused the water pollution. Source B states “Factories were allowed to dump waste into waterways rather than treating it.”. This means that industries are contaminating the water by throwing waste into the water stream. However, Source C shows that government inaction was causing the water pollution. Source C states “When we bring this subject up for conversation with the regulators, everyone sort of walks out of the room.”. This means that the American government did not come up with a feasible solution to solve the issue of water pollution. L4Similarity AND Difference in content, supported (BOC must be valid and accurate)Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.e.g. Sources B and C are similar in telling us that there is a shortage of clean water in America. Source B states “A harmful algae bloom overwhelmed the Toledo Water Intake Crib* which provides drinking water to nearly 500,000 people in and around the city.”. Similarly, Source C states “A poisonous algae whose toxin, called microcystin was contaminating the Toledo Water Intake Crib.”. The two sources suggest that America is facing water scarcity as their water source is polluted. ANDe.g. Sources B and C are different in telling us about the reasons for water pollution in America. Source B shows that industries caused the water pollution. Source B states “Factories were allowed to dump waste into waterways rather than treating it.”. This means that industries are contaminating the water by throwing waste into the water stream. However, Source C shows that government inaction was causing the water pollution. Source C states “When we bring this subject up for conversation with the regulators, everyone sort of walks out of the room.”. This means that the American government did not come up with a feasible 4-5

4solution to solve the issue of water pollution.L5L4 + Similar in terms of purpose of the sources e.g. Sources B and C are similar in purpose. The purpose of both sources is to convince (aim) the American Government (audience) about the water shortage in America. By doing so, it is hoped that the American government will implement better policies and processes to manage the water crisis (anticipated outcome). 6(c)‘The government is largely responsible for the water crisis.’ Using sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]LevelDescriptorsMarksL1Writes about statement, no valid source use e.g. Water scarcity is a problem that many countries still face today. 1L2Yes/No, supported by valid source use Award 2 marks for use of 1 source.Award 3 marks for use of 2 sources.Award 4 marks for use of 3 sources.Yes, agree (Sources: C, D and F)e.g. Sources C, D and F agree that the government is responsible for contributing to the water crisis. Source C agrees as it shows the government is not doing enough to solve the water pollution problem. Source C states “The biggest reason why it is still happening is that the American government has few legal options to impose limits.”. This means that it is important for the American government to take active steps to solve the issue of polluted water as polluted water makes water unusable, causing a water crisis. Source D agrees as it shows that governments should give more funding to water and sanitation projects. The source shows a citizen who is shocked that the government is distributing a small percentage of funds to water and sanitation projects compared to the building of stadium, offices and theatre. This means that the government has the power to decide how funding should be distributed and that they have not prioritised water projects. Source F agrees as it shows that the government is to be 2-4

5blamed for water crisis. Source F says “There has also been a backlog in water services by the government. The national and local governments of South Africa need to do a better job.”. This means that the South African government needs to be more efficient when solving water problems faced by countries. ORNo, disagree (Sources: A, B, E)e.g. Sources A, B and E disagree that the government is responsible for contributing to the water crisis.Source A disagrees as individuals and industries are responsible for contributing to the water crisis. This can be seen in Source A where it shows several groups such as household, industry, agriculture and electricity providers fighting over limited water in the bucket. This means that there is a lack of water due to different gro