AcidsBases_and_Salts

Acids and Bases Content The Reactivity Series Part 1: Acids Definition of Acids Physical Properties of Acids No. Property Explanation 1 Have a sour taste - 2 Dissolve in water to form solutions which conduct electricity (electrodes) - Presence of free and mobile ions to carry electrical charge 3 Turn moist blue litmus paper red - Note: Use the acronym: Popular Scientists Can Make A Zoo In The Lab However Cannot See God

Chemical Properties of an Acid No. Property Observations and test for gases (If any) 1 React with reactive metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas Observations - Effervescence observed - Colourless, odourless gas produced Test for Gas Produced (Hydrogen) - Place a lighted to the gas - Gas evolved extinguishes the lighted splint with a ‘pop’ sound - The gas is Hydrogen 2 React with hydrogen carbonates/carbonates to form a salt, carbon dioxide, and water Observations - Effervescence observed - Colourless, odourless gas produced Test for Gas Produced (Carbon Dioxide) - Bubble the gas through limewater - Gas evolved forms a white precipitate in limewater - The gas is Carbon Dioxide 3 React with Metal Oxides and Hydroxides to form a salt and water only (neutralisation) - 4 React with Aqueous Ammonia to form an Ammonium salt only - Why do acids not react with certain metals? Case no. Case 1 Unreactive Metal - When unreactive metals like Copper or Silver are added to dilute acids, there is no reaction 2 Initial Reaction, but stops shortly after - Metals like Lead will react with acids like Hydrochloric acid and Sulfuric acid in its initial reaction - However, the initial reaction forms a layer of insoluble <salt name> that does not dissolve in water - This prevents the metal from further reacting with the acid hence the reaction stops Role of Water in Acids - When acids are dissolved in water, they dissociate to form hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions cause acids to be acidic therefore able to be involved in reactions

- When put in a non-aqueous solution, the acid molecules exist as covalent molecules. No dissociation occurs; therefore, no hydrogen ions are produced, therefore it does not display any acidic properties Uses of Acids Acid Use Sulfuric Acid Manufacture of fertilizers Manufacture of Detergents As battery acid in cars Hydrochloric Acid Cleaning impurities by removing rust or scale Ethanoic Acid Vinegar, Preservatives, and Flavour Enhancer Phosphoric Acid Giving a sour taste to beverages Basicity of an Acid - Basicity of an acid is the number of hydrogen ions which can be produced by one molecule of acid. - Acids like Hydrochloric Acid are monobasic, they dissociate to form 1 hydrogen ion per molecule. - Acids like Sulfuric Acid are dibasic, they dissociate to form 2 hydrogen ions per molecule - Acids like Phosphoric Acid are tribasic, they dissociate to form 3 hydrogen ions per molecule Monoacidic and