Topical Revision Notes Chemistry O Level ( PDFDrive )

O Level Chemistry Topical Revision Notes is a comprehensive guide based on the latest syllabus. It is written to provide candidates sitting for the O Level Chemistry examination with thorough revision material. Important concepts are presented in simple and concise points for easier reference. Relevant examples and diagrams are incorporated into the notes to facilitate the understanding of important concepts. ISBN 978 981 288 017 8 O Level Topical Revision Notes Series: Mathematics Additional Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Science Physics Science Chemistry Science Biology Includes ü Comprehensive Revision Notes ü Effective Study Guide ü Periodic Table Samantha L. Ellis MSc, PGDE, BSc CHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES Topical C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

CHEMISTRY Samantha L. Ellis MSc, PGDE, BSc

SHINGLEE PUBLISHERS PTE LTD 120 Hillview Avenue #05-06/07 Kewalram Hillview Singapore 669594 Tel: 6760 1388 Fax: 6762 5684 e-mail: info@shinglee.com.sg http://www.shinglee.com.sg All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the Publishers. First Published 2016 ISBN 978 981 288 017 8 Printed in Singapore

Preface iii PREFACE O Level Chemistry Topical Revision Notes has been written in accordance with the latest syllabus issued by the Ministry of Education (Singapore). This book is divided into 23 topics, each covering a topic as laid out in the syllabus. Important concepts are highlighted in each topic, with relevant examples and diagrams to help students learn how to apply theoretical knowledge. We believe this book will be of great help to teachers teaching the subject and students preparing for their O Level Chemistry examination.

iv Contents CONTENTS Periodic Table v Topic 1 Kinetic Particle Theory 1 Topic 2 Experimental Techniques 5 Topic 3 Methods of Purification 7 Topic 4 Elements and Compounds 10 Topic 5 Atoms and Ions 11 Topic 6 Chemical Bonding 13 Topic 7 Structure of Matter 16 Topic 8 Writing Formulae and Equations 19 Topic 9 Stoichiometry and Mole Concept 20 Topic 10 Acids and Bases 23 Topic 11 Salts 27 Topic 12 Oxidation and Reduction 32 Topic 13 Metals 34 Topic 14 Electrolysis 41 Topic 15 Periodic Table 45 Topic 16 Energy Changes 49 Topic 17 Speed of Reaction 52 Topic 18 Ammonia 55 Topic 19 Air and Atmosphere 57 Topic 20 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 61 Topic 21 Alkanes and Alkenes 64 Topic 22 Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids 67 Topic 23 Macromolecules 70

Periodic Table v Group I I I III IV V VI VII 0 1 H Hydrogen 4 He Helium 1 2 7 Li Lithium 3 9 Be Beryllium 4 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 20 Ne Neon 10 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 27 Al Aluminium 13 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 39 K Potassium 1