2017_Physics_Notes

2017 Physics EOY 1. Measurement Actual reading = observed reading - zero error Procedures to make readings more accurate 1. Obtain three or more readings at different positions and take the average. 2. Check and correct for any zero errors Ratchet - Prevent over tightening of the micrometer screw gauge PREFIXES Tera T 1 0 1 2 Giga G 1 0 9 Mega M 1 0 6 Kilo k 1 0 3 Hecta h 10 ​ 2 Deka da 10 ​ 1 Deci d 1 0 − 1 Centi c 1 0 − 2 Milli m 1 0 − 3 Micro μ 1 0 − 6

Nano n 1 0 − 9 Pico p 1 0 − 1 2 SI UNITS Length Metre m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Electric Current Ampere A Temperature Kelvin K (0K = -273°C) Amount of Substance Mole mol Luminous Intensity Candela cd Speed Meter per Second m/s Acceleration M e t e r p e r S e c o n d 2 m / s 2 Weight Newton N or kgm/s ​ 2 Volume Cubic Centimeter c m 3 Moments Newton Meter Nm Work Done / Energy Joules J or kgm ​ 2 ​ /s ​ 2 Gravitational force Newton per Kilogram N / Kg Frequency Hertz Hz Wavelength Metre (lambda) m (symbol: 人 ) E.M.F / Voltage / P.D Voltage V Resistance Ohm Ω Resistivity Ohm Meter • m Ω Area Metre ​ 2 m 2 Pressure Pascal Pa

Scalar Quantity Vector Quantity Distance Displacement Speed Velocity Temperature Acceleration Mass Weight Density Force Energy Turning Moments Power Time 2. Mass, Weight & Density w = mg (weight = mass x gravitational pull) p = (density = mass / volume) m V Inertia - The property of a mass which resists change from its state of rest or motion of body Weight - The amount of gravitational field acting on a mass 3. Reflection Luminous objects - objects that give off light on its own (eg: Sun, Lamps) Non-Luminous objects - objects that are seen when they reflect light from a source (the moon is a non-luminous object!!!!!!!) Two laws of Reflection (true for ALL REFLECTING surfaces, including curved mirrors, and uneven / rough surfaces) The first law states that the angle of incidence, i, is equal to the angle of reflection, r. (i=r) The second law states that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane. *Normal - perpendicular line to the reflecting surface - When a light falls on an uneven surface, ​ individual ​ light rays still obey the laws of reflection. It is the overall image that is diffused.

Characteristics of a plane mirror image 1. The image is the same size as the object 2. It is laterally inverted 3. It is upright 4. It is virtual 5. Its distance from the mirror is equal to the distance of the object from the mirror Applications of Reflection 1. Periscope - Used to look over high obstacles - Consists of 2 plane mirrors inclined at an angle of 45 ​ °