RI 2022 Periodic Table I

' Raffles Institution Year 5 H2 Chemistry 2022 Lecture Notes 12 - The Periodic Table I Content • Periodicity of atomic and physical properties of the elements : variation with proton number across the third period (sodium to chlorine) of: (i) electronic configuration (ii) atomic radius and ionic radius (iii) ionisation energy (iv) electronegativity (v) melting point (vi) electrical conductivity • Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in the third period: (i) variation in oxidation number and bonding of the oxides (sodium to sulfur only) and of the chlorides (sodium to phosphorus only) (ii) reactions of these oxides and chlorides with water (iii) acid/base behaviour of these oxides and the corresponding hydroxides Learning Outcomes Trends and variations in atom ic and physical properties For elements in the third period (sodium to chlorine), candidates should be able to: (a) recognise variation in the electronic configurations across a Period (b) describe and explain qualitatively the trends and variations in atomic radius, ionic radius, first ionisation energy and electronegativity: (i) across a Period in terms of shielding and nuclear charge· (c) interpret the variation in melting point and in electrical conductivity across a Period in terms of structure and bonding in the elements (metallic, giant molecular , or simple molecular) Trends and variations in chem ical ,1,r~!~-\::::f;·.: For elements in the third period (sc:'•:._;:·, k. ,:'1:0dne) candidates should be able to: (d) (i) state and explain the varic:t,u'.l ;;, me highest oxidation number of the elements in oxides (for Na20 ; MgO ; Al2Q3; Si0 2; 1-'.,0,,,; :,U:,) antl chlorides (for NaCl ; MgCh ; AlCfa; SiCl4; PCls) (ii) state and explain the varia.tic,n in bonding in oxides and chlorides in terms of electronegativity (with the exception of A/C'3) (iii) describe the reactions of the oxides with water (for Na20; MgO; Af2Q3; Si02; P4010; S03) (iv) describe and explain the acid/base behaviour of oxides (for Na20 ; MgO; Al203; Si02; P4010; S03) and hydroxides (for NaOH ; Mg(OH)2; A/(OH)3), including, where relevant, amphoteric behaviour in reaction with sodium hydroxide (only) and acids (v) describe and explain the reactions of the chlorides with water (for NaCl ; MgC!i; AlCfa; SiC/4; PCls) (vi) suggest the types of structure and bonding present in the oxides and chlorides from observations of their chemical and physical properties In addition, candidates should be able to: (e) predict the characteristic properties of an element in a given Group by using knowledge of chemical periodicity (f) deduce the nature , possible position in the Periodic Table , and identity of unknown elements from given information of physical and chemical properti es Lecture Outline 1 The Periodic Table 2 Trends and variations in atomic and physical References 1 Chemistry for advanced level (by Peter Cann and Peter Hughes) properties 2 Chemistry in Con