EJC 2023 Atomic Structure Lecture Notes

A t o m i c S t r u c t u r e E u n o i a J u n i o r C o l l e g e 2023 JC1 H2 CHEMISTRY (9729) CORE IDEA 1 ‒ MATTER Topic 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE Name: ________________________________________ Civics Group: _________ LEARNING OUTCOMES Students should be able to: [From the topic of Atomic Structure] (a) Identify and describe protons, neutrons and electrons in terms of their relative charges and relative masses (b) Deduce the behaviour of beams of protons, neutrons and electrons in an electric field (c) Describe the distribution of mass and charges within an atom (d) Deduce the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms and ions given proton and nucleon numbers (and charge) (e) (i) Describe the contribution of protons and neutrons to atomic nuclei in terms of proton number and nucleon number (ii) Distinguish between isotopes on the basis of different numbers of neutrons present (f) Describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers 1, 2 and 3 and also the 4s and 4p orbitals (g) Describe the shapes of s, p and d orbitals [knowledge of wave functions is not required] (h) State the electronic configuration of atoms and ions given the proton number (and charge) (i) Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements (see the Data Booklet) (j) Deduce the electronic configurations of elements from successive ionisation energy data (k) Interpret successive ionisation energy data of an element in terms of the position of that element within the Periodic Table [From the topic of The Periodic Table] (l) Recognise variation in the electronic configurations across a Period and down a Group (m) Describe and explain qualitatively the trends and variations in atomic radius, ionic radius, first ionisation energy and electronegativity: (i) Across a Period in terms of shielding and nuclear charge (ii) Down a Group in terms of increasing number of electronic shells, shielding and nuclear charge

A t o m i c S t r u c t u r e E u n o i a J u n i o r C o l l e g e 2 | P a g e LECTURE CONTENT 1 The Atom and the Subatomic Particles ................................ ................................ .............. 3 1.1 Subatomic Particles ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 3 1.2 Nuclides and Isotopes ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 3 1.3 Behaviour of Subatomic Particles in an Electric Field ................................ ......................... 5 2 The Arrangement of Electrons ................................ ................................ ............................ 8 2.1 Atomic Orbitals ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 8 2.2 Relationship betwe