NJC 8 Polymer Part 1 Student

National Junior College SH1 H1 Chemistry 1 Polymers (Part 1) – Introduction and Isomerism Learning Outcomes Students should be able to: (a) interpret, and use the nomenclature, general formulae and structural formulae (including displayed formulae) of the following classes of compounds: (i) hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes and benzene) (ii) halogenoalkanes (iii) alcohols (including primary, secondary and tertiary) (iv) aldehydes and ketones (v) carboxylic acids (vi) esters (vii) amines (viii) amides (b) interpret, and use the following terminology associated with organic reactions: (i) functional group (ii) addition, substitution, elimination (iii) condensation, hydrolysis (iv) oxidation and reduction [in equations for organic redox reactions, the symbols [O] and [H] are acceptable] (c) describe constitutional (structural) isomerism (d) describe cis-trans isomerism in alkenes, and explain its origin in terms of restricted rotation due to the presence of bonds [use of E, Z nomenclature is not required] (e) deduce the possible isomers for an organic molecule of known molecular formula (f) (i) describe the shapes of the ethane, ethene and benzene molecules (ii) explain the shapes of, and bond angles, in the ethane, ethene and benzene molecules in relation to  and  carbon-carbon bonds (iii) predict the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules analogous to those specified in (f)(ii)

National Junior College SH1 H1 Chemistry 2 1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Success Criteria: • I can classify organic compounds into aliphatic, aromatic, acyclic and cyclic compounds. • I can explain and recognise what saturated and unsaturated organic compounds are. 1.1 Classifications of Organic Compounds Saturated and unsaturated organic compounds An organic compound which contains only single bonds (C –C and C –H bonds in hydrocarbons) is said to be saturated. C CH H H H H H An organic compound which contains 1 or more double / triple bonds (C=C, C=O and C≡N bonds) is said to be unsaturated. C CH H H H

National Junior College SH1 H1 Chemistry 3 1.2 Structural Formulae of Organic Compounds Success Criteria: • I can interpret and draw different types of structural formulae (eg condensed, displayed, skeletal and stereochemical). Lactic acid has a molecular formula of C 3H6O3 and an empirical formula of CH2O. A molecular formula does not show how the various atoms in the organic compound are actually connected to one another. Hence, structural formulae are used to represent organic compounds. Below are the different structural formulae of lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)CO2H. Type of Structural Formulae Representation Characteristics Condensed CH3CH(OH)CO2H ● shows the order of arrangement of atoms ● bonds are not displayed Dis