NJC Organic Chem 2023 Book 1 Student Version

National Junior College SH1 H2 Chemistry 2023 H2 Chemistry Organic Booklet 1 Contents 0 Learning Outcomes for Organic Chemistry 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 2 Isomerism 3 Alkanes 4 Alkenes 5 Arenes References 1. Chemistry for Advanced Level by P. Cann & P. Hughes, published by John Murray 2. A-Level Chemistry (4th Edition) by E. N. Ramsden, published by Nelson Thornes 3. Understanding Chemistry for Advanced Level (3rd Edition), by T. Lister & J. Renshaw, published by Nelson Thornes 4. Chemistry in Context (5th Edition) by Hill & Holman, published by Nelson Thornes 5. Chemistry in Context Laboratory Manual and Study Guide (5th Edition) by Hill & Holman, published by Nelson Thornes 6. ILPAC Advanced Practical Chemistry (2nd edition) by A. Lainchbury, J. Stephens, A. Thompson, published by John Murray 7. A2 Chemistry, 2nd edition, Geroge Facer 8. Longman A-level course in Chemistry, 7th edition, JGR Briggs 9. Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, John McMurry Copyright © 2023 National Junior College All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright owner.

National Junior College SH1 H2 Chemistry 2023 Organic Chemistry Preamble

National Junior College SH1 H2 Chemistry 2023

National Junior College SH1 H2 Chemistry 2023

National Junior College SH1 H2 Chemistry 2023

National Junior College SH1 H2 Chemistry 2023

National Junior College SH1 H2 Chemistry 1 1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1.1 THE ORIGINS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The modern definition of organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon. Originally, the science of organic chemistry was the study of compounds extracted from living organisms and their natural products. In 1807, Jon Jacob Berzelius classified chemical compounds into two main groups: those with origin from living or once- living matter, which he termed organic and those that originated from “mineral” or non-living matter, which he termed inorganic. Berzelius, similar to most chemists of that era, believed that organic compounds could only come from living organisms mediated by some vital force, known as Vitalism.] In 1828, Frederich Wöhler, ironically a student of Berzelius, discovered that the org anic compound, urea, could be made by heating ammonium cyanate, an inorganic salt. This demonstrated for the very first time that an organic compound can be synthesised from a