2023MIPrelimAS (H1 General Paper 8807 02)

2023 PU3 Prelim Examinations General Paper Paper 2 1 How does the author illustrate that loyalty is 'revered as a virtue across time and cultures' (line 3)? [2] From the passage Paraphrased/Inferred Epic poems of ancient worlds , the Mahabharata and Odyssey, boasted stories of loyalty, from Yudhishthira ’s refusal to ascend to heaven without his devoted canine companion to faithful Penelope ’s patient wait for the return of her husband, Odysseus. In feudal systems , loyalty to one's lord or ruler was considered a sacred duty. Religious and philosophical teachings , such as those in Christianity and Confucianism, emphasise loyalty as a moral imperative even to this day, encouraging individuals to remain steadfast in all their relationships. A. He uses examples of how ancient works from different cultures portrayed loyalty as a virtue. B. He also uses a range of examples ranging from ancient history to the modern day, which suggests that the view of loyalty as a virtue remains across time. 1m for explaining how the range of examples show "across cultures" and 1m for "across time". 2 Explain the author's use of the phrase 'suspect virtue' (line 11). Use your own words as far as possible. [2] From the passage Paraphrased/Inferred It is essential for good human social life but susceptible to abuse. It focuses more on persons rather than principles, leading to unethical choices and behaviour. A. Loyalty is a virtue because it is important for positive interactions with others. B. However, it is suspect because it has the potential to influence us to take immoral actions. 1 mark each 3 In paragraph 2, what differences does the author see between workers in the past and today? Use your own words as far as possible. [2] From the passage Paraphrased/Inferred Gone are the days of starting and ending one’s career in the same company, which was seen as a mark of capability and dependability … workers are changing jobs more frequently. …remaining at the same job is seen as a sign that one is either incompetent or foolish. workers today are literally spoilt for choice, compared to workers in the past. A1 In the past, people stayed at the same job for life, A2 whereas today people change jobs often. B1 In the past, staying at the same job is seen as an indication of one's ability, B2 whereas today staying at the same job suggests a lack of ability/skill. C1 Workers in the past had a limited selection of job opportunities, (inferred) C2 while workers today have an array of job opportunities. 1 mark per pair, comparison must be made across past and present, 0m for listing.

4 From lines 15-23, explain three criticisms the author makes about today's young workers. Use your own words as far as possible. [3] From the passage Paraphrased/Inferred … these workers seek out better employment in different companies in a perpetual pursuit for higher salaries. it is now fashionable to change jobs as soon as one is able. ..workers today are literally spoilt for choice… He argues that today's young workers A. are greedy for better pay B. change jobs frivolously and quickly C. because they have become entitled as a result of having too many options 1m for each pt. If no criticism angle, do not award mark. 5 Explain how lines 24-27 support the assertion that 'loyalty is dead' (line 24). [2] From the passage Paraphrased/Inferred Statistics seem to bear them out – on average, corporations now lose half their customers in five years, half their employees in four, and half their investors in less than one. A look at the bigger picture suggests these indications of decreasing loyalty are replicated across society. A. The lines give concrete/hard evidence/data of a pattern which shows that B. in many aspects of society, people do not stay committed to their choices. 1m each If A is missing, do not award B. 6 Explain the author's use of the word 'even' (line 31). [1] From the passage Paraphrased/Inferred …and people constantly change their cars, their phones, their hobbies and even their identities! The author wants to emphasise how shocking / surprising / unexpected it is that something as important as identity can be so easily / frequently changed.

7 Using material from paragraphs 4–6 (lines 34–59), summarise what the author has to say about why the virtue of loyalty is questionable. Write your summary in no more than 120 words, not counting the opening words which are printed below. Use your own words as far as possible. Firstly, loyalty can lead to… From passage Paraphrased/Inferred Paragraph 5 A Loyalty here apparently encompassed the killing of millions of innocent civilians in the most brutal way imaginable. (lines 34-35) … genocide/ mass murder B (Inferred) Some SS veterans even attempted to defend their participation in these killings by appealing to this motto and their duty to be loyal. used to justify/rationalise atrocities C Beyond the extreme example, loyalty has the potential to promote exclusion and discrimination of others outside the group, (line 38) It can also encourage alienation/ marginalisation/ isolation/ unfair treatment of minorities D thereby promoting conflict (line 39) further causing tensions/ disagreements E and impeding societal progress. (line 39) and preventing/limiting the advancement/ growth of society/country. Paragraph 6 F (inferred) the entire kingdom pretends to admire the emperor’s non-existent clothes. He only realises his nakedness when a child guilelessly blurts the truth. Truth to be obscured G but in the real world, followers blinded by their loyalty may not merely overlook the crimes of their leaders (lines 44-45) and followers ignoring the wrongs/transgressions/corruption of their leaders H but rationalise them and spin them into acts of heroism. (line 45) and even further justifying them as praiseworthy. I It undermines the integrity of our contemporary political system today (cause) Ultimately, the group or cause eventually becomes corrupted (line 47) (repeated point) It corrupts our politics because J as leaders then turn a blind eye to the worst sins of their followers.(lines 45- 46) (effect) leaders in turn ignore/ overlook/ disregard the most immoral/vilest activities of their followers K as people mindlessly obey. (line 47) People follow unquestioningly/blindly. L1 Loyalty is such a force for destruction because it readily clashes with other virtues (factor 1) Loyalty can cause great harm/ devastation because it conflicts with other values L2 and people treat it as superior to those virtues. (factor 2) (lines 47-49) and people see it as better/more important than those values.

Paragraph 7 M Indeed, loyalty results in higher costs to the consumer. The amount paid for goods and services become artificially inflated when people do not realise there are comparable alternatives or refuse to switch over. (repeated point) (lines 50- 52) Consumers are penalised as they have to pay more, N Monopoly is an inevitable outcome of brand loyalty (line 54) one company gains control of the market/ market is less competitive OR Market domination by few companies O Ironically, the loyal consumer is punished for their devotion as prices increase (repeated pt M) and choices shrink (line 55) and they have fewer options. Marks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Points 1-2 3-4 5-6 7 8-9 10-11 12-13 >=14

8 How does the example in paragraph 7 demonstrate the 'dilemma' (line 63) of whistleblowing? [2] From the passage Paraphrased/Inferred Whistleblowing as a dilemma relates to the choice between the whistleblower’s obligation to care for the public good and their loyalty to their employer. Snowden, like many whistleblowers, believed that when authority figures transgre