2022 RI Prelims P1

© Raffles Institution 20221 RAFFLES INSTITUTIONPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2022General Certificate of Education Advanced LevelHigher 2HISTORY 9752/01Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000)12 September 20223 hoursREAD THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite your full name, class and index number on the answer booklet(s).Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.Section AAnswer Question 1.Section BAnswer two questions. Use only the answer booklet provided and use both sides of the paper. This document consists of 5 printed pages.

© Raffles Institution 20222 Section AYou must answer Question 1.The Emergence of Bipolarity1Read the sources and answer the questions which follow.Source A One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to carry out a way of life free from coercion. Our victory was won over countries which sought to impose their will, and their way of life, upon other nations. The peoples of a number of countries of the world have recently had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. The Government of the United States has made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation in Poland, Rumania and Bulgaria. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive. The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world – and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own nation.President Harry S. Truman’s address before a joint session of Congress, March 12, 1947.Source BExternally the “Marshall Plan” appears as if the United States has decided to give the European states themselves the initiative in establishing a programme of economic reconstruction in Europe … But it cannot be doubted, however, that matters here will not be decided without some prompting [from the United States] This task, apparently, is already being carried out by America’s representatives in the appropriate countries. It is to this end that the talks of Clayton* in London are directed. In this way, the “Marshall Plan”, in place of the previous disorganised actions, directed at the economic and political subordination of the European countries to American capital and the creation of anti-Soviet groupings, envisions a broader frame of action, aiming to solve this problem more effectively. Our participation in the design of the program will hinder the realisation of American plans for the subordination of Europe and the creation of an anti-Soviet bloc. *W.L. Clayton was the United States Under-Secretary of State for Economic AffairsFrom Nikolai Novikov, Soviet Ambassador to the US to Molotov, Soviet Foreign Minister, 24 June