2022 MI Prelims P1

1 ClassAdm NoCandidate Name: 2022 Preliminary ExamsPre-University 3H2 HISTORY9752/01 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000)30 August 20223 hoursAdditional Materials:Answer BookletREAD THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite your name and class on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen in the answer booklet(s) providedDo not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.Begin each question on a fresh page of the answer booklet. Section AAnswer Question 1. Section BAnswer TWO questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.This question paper consists of 5 printed pages. [Turn over H

2 Section AYou must answer Question 1. THE KOREAN WAR1.Read the sources and then answer the questions which follow.Source A The emerging picture of post-Cold War scholarship on the Korean War fleshes out Khrushchev’s point that the idea for the attack was Kim Il Sung’s. Kim doggedly pressed Stalin to approve the invasion. Stalin seemed interested, but asked Kim to come back with a more detailed plan before he decided. When Kim returned, Stalin expressed concern about possible American reaction, but neither seriously questioned nor discouraged Kim. Kim, in order to get a definite answer from Stalin, made a strong case just to persuade Stalin to agree, and succeeded in the end.The North Koreans then used military support from the USSR and China throughout the war, which included advice on military tactics and political or negotiating strategy, encouragement of the North to keep fighting after the Incheon reversal, approval of training for North Korean pilots, and a generous supply of Chinese troops provided by Mao as part of active support, to their advantage, withstanding the American-led military campaign. From an academic article written by an American political scientist, published in 2014.Source BKim stated that Comrade Stalin said to him it was not necessary to attack the south, but in case of an attack on the north by the army of Syngman Rhee, then it is possible to go on the counteroffensive to South Korea. But since Rhee is still not instigating an attack, it means that the unification of the country is being drawn out, that he (Kim Il Sung) thinks that he needs again to visit Comrade Stalin and receive permission for offensive action for the purpose of the liberation of South Korea. Further Kim said he cannot begin an attack, because he is a communist, a disciplined person and for him the order of Comrade Stalin is law. He stated that if it is not possible to meet Comrade Stalin, then he will try to meet Mao Zedong, after his return from Moscow. Kim underscored that Mao Zedong promised to render him assistance after the conclusion of the war in China.Soviet Ambassador to North Korea Shtykov, in a telegram to Moscow, January 1950.

3 Source CIn Korea the Government forces, which were armed to prevent border raids and to preserve internal security, were attacked by invading forces from North Korea. The Security Council of the United Nations called upon the invading troops to cease hostilities and to withdraw to the 38th parallel. This they have not done, but on the contrary have pressed the attack. The Security Council called upon all members of the United Nations to render every assistance to the United Nations in the execution of this resolution. In these circumstances I have ordered United States air and sea forces to give the Korean Government troops cover and support.The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations and will now use armed invasion and war. It has defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserve international peace and security. In these circumstances the occupation of Formosa by Communist forces would be a direct threat to the security of the Pacific area and to United States forces performing their lawful and necessary functions in that area.Truman's statement on the invasion of South Korea, 27 June 1950.Source DOn June 25, the army of the puppet government of the traitor Syngman Rhee launched an all-out offensive along the 38th parallel against the northern half of Korea. The valiant Security Forces of the Republic, fighting fierce battles to counter the enemy’s invasion, have frustrated the advance of the Syngman Rhee army.To cover up its design for civil war, Syngman Rhee [has] incessantly provoked clashes on the 38th parallel to keep our people in a state of constant tension and sought to shift the responsibility for these onto the DPRK. The war we are fighting, provoked by the traitorous Syngman Rhee, is a just one – a war for the country’s reunification, independence, freedom and democracy.Dear compatriots, brothers and sisters, I call upon the entire Korean people to unite more closely around the Government of the DPRK in order quickly to destroy the armed forces of the traitorous Syngman Rhee.Kim Il Sung’s radio address to the entire Korean people, 26 June 1950.Source E The U.S. invasion of Asia can only touch off the broad and resolute opposition of Asian people. On January 5, Truman said in announcement that the United States would not intervene in Taiwan. Now his conduct proves that what he said was false. Moreover, he shredded all international agreements related to the American commitment not to intervene in China’s internal affairs. The United States thus reveals its imperialist nature in its true colours. It is very advantageous to the Chinese people and the people of Asia [to draw a lesson from the U.S. policy toward Taiwan] … The sympathies of the Chinese people lie with the countries that have been invaded, and by no means with American Imperialism… People throughout the nation and the world, unite and make full preparations for frustrating any provocation of American imperialism.

4 Mao Zedong, at a meeting of the Central People’s Government Council, June 28, 1950.Source F Caption on the left reads: “North Korea is forced to fight Soviet Russia’s war”.South Korean Propaganda Poster, 1952. Now answer the following questions:(a)Compare and contrast the evidence provided in Sources A and B on the Soviet role during the Korean War. [10](b)How far do Sources A to F prove the claim that the Korean War was a civil war between North and South Korea?[30]

5 Section BYou must answer two questions from this section.EITHER2. ‘The impact of trade liberalisation on the development of the international economy from 1945 to 2000 was entirely beneficial’. Discuss. [30]Or3. ‘The government’s role was most critical in the growth of South Korea’s economy from the 1970s-1990.’ Discuss. [30] AND EITHER4. To what extent did the major powers hinder the United Nations’ peacekeeping efforts between 1945 and 2000? [30] OR5. ‘UN attempts at reform were greatly hampered by Great Power Politics.’ How far do you agree with this assertion?[30]___________________________________________________________ ____ _Copyright AcknowledgementsSource A:©https://www.jstor.org/stable/intesociscierevi.88.3.01; accessed on 21 July 2022.Source B:©https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112135.pdf?v=00ee18d1e167793fa614bfc5f7a226bd; accessed 21 July 2022. Source C:© https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-the-president-the-situation-korea; accessed 18 July, 2022.Source D:© https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search-results/1/%7B%22contributor%22:%22431%22%7D, accessed 19 July 2022.Source E: ©Serge? Nikolaevich Goncharov, John Wilson; Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War; Volume 4