RVHS 2023 J2H2 Prelim P1 Final QP

1 This document consists of 8 printed pages. [Turn over] ECONOMICS 9570/01 Paper 1 Case Study 18 September 2023 2 hours 30 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Answer Question 1 and Question 2 on separate booklets. You can ask for an additional booklet if you need more than one for a question. For each Answer Booklet: Write your name, Centre number and index number on the first page of all Answer Booklets that you hand in. Write clearly and use capital letters. For each booklet, use both sides of the paper. Write in dark blue or black pen. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Write the number of the question you are responding to in the first margin. Question Part 1 ai 1 aii If the question you are responding to also contains parts, for example 1a, write the question part in the second margin. Do not tear out any part of the Answer Booklet. All work must be handed in. If you have used any additional booklet, please insert it inside the first Answer Booklet. RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL JC 2 Preliminary Examination in preparation for General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2

2 © RVHS 2023 9570/01 Answer all questions. Question 1: Driving the future: Electric vehicles Extract 1: Electric vehicles are ‘green’ but it is complicated Experts broadly agree that electric vehicles (EVs) create a lower carbon footprint over the course of their lifetime than cars that use traditional, internal combustion engines (ICE). However, there are questions about how energy-intensive it is to build an EV or an EV battery, versus building a comparable ICE vehicle. The batte ries in EVs charge on power coming straight off the electric grid, which is often powe red by fossil fuels such as coal or oil. Separately, a study from Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the battery and fuel production for an EV generates higher emissions tha n the manufacturing of an ICE vehicle. But these higher environmental costs are offset by EVs’ superior energy efficiency over time. In short, the total emissions per mile for EVs are lower than comparable ICE vehicles. EVs rely on rechargeable lithium-ion batteries to run. The process of making these batteries which include using mining raw materials like cobalt and lithium, to production in gigafactories and transportation, can be energy-intensive. It is also one of the biggest sources of carbon emissions from EVs today. Gigafactories are facilit ies that produce EV batteries on a large scale. China currently dominates battery production, with 93 gigafactories produci