YIJC 2023 H2 9744 P3 ANS

1 @YIJC 9744/03/PE/2023 [Turn Over YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAM Higher 2 NAME INDEX NO CG BIOLOGY Paper 3 Long Structured and Free-Response Questions Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. 9744/03 15 Sep 2023 2 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and class in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tape. Section A Answer all questions in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer any one question in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Indicate the question you have attempted at the top of page 18. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 25 printed pages and 1 blank page. For Examiner’s Use Section A 1 30 2 10 3 10 Section B 4 or 5 25 Total 75 ANSWERS

2 @YIJC 9744/03/PE/2023 [Turn Over Section A Answer all questions in this section. 1 (a) Table 1.1 shows the incidence rates per 100 000 women for tuberculosis and breast cancer in Sweden from 2010 to 2020. Table 1.1 year incidence rate per 100 000 women per year breast cancer tuberculosis 2010 149 7.2 2012 157 6.6 2014 175 5.8 2016 179 5.1 2018 184 4.9 2020 188 3.5 Medical treatment, preventative measures, diet and lifestyle have changed over this time period and may account for the trends shown in Table 1.1. (i) With reference to Table 1.1 and the information provided , s uggest and explain a hypothesis that may account for the trends of each of the diseases shown in Table 1.1. breast cancer 1 incidence rate increased from 149 to 188 per 100 000 women from 2010 to 2020 2a due to increased awareness of need for early screening resulting in early detection/ reporting; 2b due to increase in proportion of fatty food in diet, thus increasing cancer risk; 2c due to decrease in physical activity/ exercise among women, thus increasing cancer risk; 2d due to increase in cigarette smoking among women, thus increasing exposure to chemical carcinogens that promote cancer development; tuberculosis 3 incidence rate decreased from 7.2 to 3.5 per 100 000 women from 2010 to 2020 4a due to progressive use of antibiotics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thus reducing number of infected people in population; 4b due to effective vaccination programme against tuberculosis, thus maintaining herd immunity