2023 HSCS SS PRELIM QP

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION (2023) SECONDARY FOUR EXPRESS SECONDARY FIVE NORMAL (ACADEMIC) HUMANITIES 2272/2273/2274/ 01 Paper 1 Social Studies 18 August 2023 0800-0945 hrs Additional Materials: Writing Paper 1 hour 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number in the spaces at the top of this page. Write your answers in the writing paper. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions Section B Answer both questions The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question. Class: Index Number: Name : 15 Pasir Ris Street 21, Singapore 518969 Tel: 6582 7864 Fax: 6582 2543 This document consists of 8 printed pages (including this Cover Page) [Turn over

2 (HAI SING CATHOLIC SCHOOL) SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Answer all questions. Living in a Diverse Society Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in a ddition to the sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1. Study Source A. What is the message of the cartoon? Explain your answer, using details from the source. [5] 2. Study Source B and C. How similar are these two sources? Explain your answer. [6] 3. Study Source D. How useful as evidence is Source D in showing the economic impact of the influx of refugees on Bangladesh? Explain your answer [7] 4. Study Sources E and F. Having read E, are you surprised by F? Explain your answer. [7] 5. ‘Bangladesh has suffered as a result of accepting the Rohingya refugees.” Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

3 What is the impact of the Rohingya crisis on Bangladesh? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. The Rohingyas are one of the many ethnic minorities in Myanmar, with the majorit y living in Rakhine state. They are descendants of Arab traders and other groups who have been in the region for generations and have their own language a nd culture. However, the government of Myanmar, a predominantly Buddhist country, denies the Rohingya citizenship in Myanmar and sees them as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh. In 2017, close to a million Rohingya fled to Cox's Bazar District in neighbouring Bangladesh due to a wave of violence and persecution in Myanmar. Desp ite being one of the world's most densely populated countries, Bangladesh hosts the world's largest - and still growing - refugee settlement. Here, more than 30 camps h ave now become home to 920,000 Rohingya. Study the following sources to find out the implications of the Rohingy a crisis on Bangladesh.

4 [Turn over Source A: A cartoon about the repatriation* of the Rohingya carried out by the Bangladesh government. * To repatriate is to return someone to the home country. Source B: An extract from an article published in an American online newspaper which reports on humanitarian crisis around the world. The environmental impact of 1 million refugees is difficult to overstate. At the peak of the violence, each week some 100,000 Rohingya — mainly women and children — were crossing into Bangladesh. Where they settled, thousands of acres of nation al forests were cleared. Areas previously inhabited by wild elephants are now barren. The lush, green, hilly landscape has rapidly transformed into flattened stretches of red earth covered in tents as far as the eye can see. Many worry about wh at will happen to the refugee settlements when the monsoon season arrives next month. Groundwater sources are quickly being depleted and freshwater streams have become contaminated. GO HOME! WHAT ARE YOU AFRAID OF?

5 Source C: An extract from an article published by the United Nations Refugee Agency, a humanitarian organization. When the refugees first moved into Cox ’s Bazar, vegetation was cleared to make way for shelters and infrastructure. Lacking alternative cooking fuels, refugees cut many of the remaining trees for firewood. What had been a sanctuary for wildlife, inclu ding endangered Asian elephants, quickly became a bare, hilly tract of bamb oo and plastic-roofed shelters that was prone to flooding and landslides in the monsoon season. Three years on, the refugees have replanted an area of more than six kilometers square. Grasses have also been planted in streams to help treat wastewater a nd reduce pollution levels. The insects, pollinators and other wildlife are coming b ack. Trees are providing shade; and refugees are enjoying better living conditions. Source D: An extract from an article published by an organization which aims to get richer countries to help the refugees. There is a misunderstanding that refugees take jobs away from their host co untry’s job market. Most studies conclude that refugees have very little effect on the job market at all. An analysis of the labor market showed that not only did refugees not negatively impact the job market, but they had no effect when compar ed to regions with no refugee population. The work refugees do actually fill in the job market. It is the refugees doing much of the hard, physically demanding work like farming . These are jobs that not many native citizens want to do. Source E: An extract from an article published by a financial magazine. The Bangladeshi labourers cannot find work at fair wage rates. The people from the Rohingya community demand much lower wage rates than the standard wage rate for the Bangladeshi community. The clients prefer to get their work done at a lower cost, which leaves the Bangladeshi labourers jobless. As a result, many people from the host communities are shifting to risky and temporary livelihood activities. For instance, many young men are taking up the job of drivers without taking driving lessons. This has increased fatalities and injuries due to road accidents. Source F: An article from a website which provides analysis of current affairs

6 around the world. Rohingya refugees have created numerous job opportunities for many Banglades hi people who are working as volunteers, relief specialists, researchers, health workers and so on in almost 150 national and international aid groups and non -governmental organizations currently operating in Rohingya camps. In the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), for instance, more than 200 Bangladeshis have been employed to enhance its operational efficiency on the ref ugee crisis. Through working in humanitarian organizations, they are earning not only handsome salaries but quality skills. Besides, a good number of local people of the R ohingya- hosted areas in Bangladesh are doing transportation jobs to convey goods in the Rohingya camps. SECTION B (Structured-Response Questions)

7 Questions 6 and 7 are compulsory for all candidates Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the extracts carefully, and then answer the questions. Extract 1 Singapore youths are politically indifferent. A study by the Institute of Policy Studies has found that close to four in 10 never discuss politics with friends and more than half engage in such conversations only occasionally. Extract 2 Graph showing the military expenditure in Singapore from 2