Greenhouse and impacts

Geography—Climate *All notesareeitherfromonline/school notes. Greenhouseeffect:1. ShortwaveradiationfromthesuntravelstowardstheEarth.2. Most shortwaveradiationisabsorbedbytheEarth’ssurface.3. Someshortwaveradiationisabsorbedandreflectedbyclouds.4. LongwaveradiationfromtheEarthescapestowardsspace.5. Somelongwaveradiationisabsorbedbygreenhousegasesandre-emittedintheatmosphere, keepingtheEarthwarm. ● Greenhousegases:- Methane- Carbondioxide** 1 - Watervapour Differences/similaritiesbetweengreenhousegasesandenhancedgreenhousegases: Similarity/Differences Greenhouseeffect EnhancedGreenhouseEffect Typeof causes Natural Manmade/Anthropogenic Amount of shortwaveradiationabsorbedbytheEarth, whichwarmstheEarth’ssurface. Similar Similar Someshortwaveradiationisalsoabsorbedandreflectedbycloudsintheatmosphere. Similar Similar Amount of GreenhouseGasesintheatmosphere Less More 1 Fromtheburning(combustion) of fossil fuels.

Amount of longwaveradiationisabsorbedbyGreenhouseGasesintheatmosphereasthelongwaveradiationescapestowardsspace. Less More Amount of longwaveradiationre-emittedbackdowntoEarth’ssurface,keepingtheEarthwarm. Less More Effect onEarth’stemperature. WarmtemperaturetosustainlifeonEarth. Global warming, whichthreatenstheEarth’secosystemandpeople’swayof life. Anthropogeniccauses 2 : Anthropogeniccause1 Anthropogeniccause2 Anthropogeniccause3 Agricultural Industries Urbanisation Changinglanduseinvolvesachangefromonelandcategorytoanother. Whenlandisclearedthroughlargescaleof deforestation, it alsoincreasescarbonemissionbecause:- Theclearingof treesreducesthenumberof treesthat absorbcarbondioxidethroughphotosynthesis.- Duringphotosynthesis, treesstorecarbon, whenthesetreesarecut downorburned, thestoredcarbonisthenreleasedback.- Clearingof treesexposesthesoil beneathtosunlight. Thisincreasesthesoiltemperatureandrateof carbonoxidation 3 . 3 Processinwhichcarbon(insoil) reactswithoxygentoproducecarbondioxide. 2 Environmental changecausedor influencedbypeople, either directlyor indirectly.

Natural +Humansystem: Natural system: referstoall physical, chemical &biological materialsandinteractionsonEarth, independent of anyhuman involvement. Humansystem: referstoall humanactivities&social interactionsonEarth.- Theideaof ‘systems’ impliesthat eachpart of theprocessisinterconnected.- Humansystemcanhavedirect/indirect impact. ^Higheratmosphericpressureleadstohigheroceansurfacetemperature.- Manyof theexcessheat trappedbygreenhousegaseshavebeenabsorbedbytheoceans.- Leadstohigheroceantemperature. ^Higheroceantemperatureleadstotheslowingdownof global oceancirculation.- Largescalemovement of wateraroundtheoceansintheworld globaloceancirculation. Thisincludesboth:- Warmsurfaceflow&cool subsurfaceflow ^Processof oceancirculation:- Warmsurfacewatermovesfromtheequatortothepolesduetowinds.- Waterthencools, becomesdenserandsinks.- Coldwaterthenspreadsalongthebottomof theocean, formingcoolsubsurfaceflows.- Eventually, cool waterrisesbacktowardsthesurfaceof theocean. ^Disruptiontotheprocesscausedbyclimatechange:- Duetorisingatmospherictemperatures, watergainsheat, becomelessdense. (Refertoday/night windformoreinfo)- Sinkingof thewaterat thepolesisreduced, whichslowsdownflowofwater. ChangesinprecipitationonlandDroughts Excessiverainfall- Warmeratmospherictemperatures—>Reduces - Warmerair—>Increasedwatervapourinthe

surfacewater—>Driesoutandvegetation+reducesoccurrenceof rain.- Areaswithdryclimatesgetevendrier.—>resultingindroughts.- Subtropics: Regionsbetween23.5° and35° North&Southof theequator.- Mid-latitudes: Regionsbetween30° to60° North&Southof theequator. atmosphere(especiallysoinplaces. Withsurfacewater—e.g.