MGS 2022 Sec 4 Prelims Hum (Hist) ANS

1 2022 Sec 4 Humanities (History) Preliminary Exam Answer Scheme Section A: Source-Based Case Study 1a Study Source A. What can you learn from this source about the Germans’ response to Nazi economic policies? Explain your answer. [5] L1 Answer based on provenance or Description of source. 1 L2 Inference, unsupported. Award 2 marks for an inference, unsupported. Award 3 marks for a second inference, unsupported. 2-3 L3 Inference, supported. Award 3 marks for one inference, supported. Award 4 marks for a second inference, supported. e.g. I learn that some Germans were not happy with Nazi economic policies because their lives were hard. Source A states ‘we work outdoors in all kinds of weather, shovelling dirt for 51 pfennigs* an hour. Then there are the deductions and the voluntary contribution they take out automatically, and 15 pfennifs a day for a straw mattress in a draughty wooden barracks, and 35 pfennigs for what they ladle out of a cauldron and call dinner… Six months ago we were still getting 66 pfennigs an hour, and now they’re pushing us harder and harder.’ Source A shows that the Germans were made to work very hard and wages were low. Their living conditions were also bad. The evidence suggests that they were not happy with the Nazi policies. e.g. I learn that some Germans were supportive of Nazi economic policies despite the difficulties they faced. Source A states ‘You can’t expect that the misery brought about by fourteen years of mismanagement will be cured in the twinkling of an eye! But now people have hope. They’re off the streets, and Germany is strong and powerful again. We’ve regained our honour… and from year to year things are getting better’. Source A shows that the people now had jobs and that the economy improved under the Nazis (compared to under the Weimar government) and hence the Germans’ lives improved. 4-5 L4 L3 + explains answer in context [Build context into L3.] e.g. The source shows the different responses of the Germans to the economic policies of the Nazis. Some expected their lives to improve greatly from before, especially what they had gone through in the Great Depression years, and were unhappy that they d id not. Others were grateful for the small improvements, knowing that the economy suffered under the poor leadership of the Weimar Government. The woman was also a supporter of the Nazis and hence would not speak badly of them or their policies. 5

2 1b Study Source B. Why do you think this cartoon was published? Explain your answer. [5] L1 Gives reason, unsupported. Or Describes source only. e.g. The cartoon was published to criticise the Nazis. 1 L2 Propaganda messages about Nazi Germany. Award 2 marks for reason given. Award 3 marks for support with details from the source. e.g. The cartoon was published to criticise the Nazis for not providing for or taking care of the welfare of the Germans as promised. The cartoon shows a Nazi officer/soldier and a man, presumably a German. The latter is dressed poorly in tattered clothing, suggesting his poor living conditions. The Nazi officer is telling him that there is no bread – ‘What? Bread? Don’t you know the National Socialist revolution is over?’, suggesting that they are not fulfilling their promise of improving life for the Germans even after coming to power with the people’s support. 2-3 L3 L2 plus answers based on context – because of what was going on at the time. e.g. The cartoon was published at the time when Germany had just come under Nazi rule. The Nazis had been elected to power with the promise of ‘Work and Bread’, their campaign slogan. As they consolidated their power and rule, they had also removed their opponents, for example, the Communists. The cartoon was published by French pro -communists in response to the situation in Germany. 4 L4 L3 plus impact of the message on the audience. Award 4 marks for answers with the impact of the message but without contextual knowledge. Award 5 marks for L3 plus impact of message on the audience. e.g. The cartoon was published in a French daily newspaper that was connected to the French Communist Party. The purpose was to convince the French people that life did not and would not improve under the Nazis . This would dissuade them from supporting or turning to fascism bu t support a communist government instead. 4-5

3 1c Study Source C. How useful is this source to a historian studying Nazi economic policies in the 1930s? Explain your answer. [6] L1 Useful or Not useful based on provenance. e.g. Source C is not useful as it is a report by the Social Democratic Party, opponents of the Nazis who had been banned by them. It would not report positively of Nazi rule. e.g. Source C is useful as it is a report of the daily programme of the RAD. The report shows the historian what went on at such camps. 1 L2 Not useful because of things it does not tell us OR provenance explained. e.g. Source C is not useful as it is just daily programme of the RAD. It does not show what the Germans thought or felt about their lives at the RAD camp or other aspects of the RAD. [Missing information] e.g. Source C is also not useful as it only talks about the RAD and not other economic policies such as the KdF. e.g. Source C is not useful as it is a report by the Social Democratic Party, opponents of the Nazis who had been banned by them. The report also commented that ‘The young people are deadened by physical exertion. The daily wage is not enough to buy beer.’ There appears to be an intention to criticise the RAD or Nazis/Nazi economic policy. 2 L3 Useful or Not useful because of what the source tells or does not tell us. Award 3 marks for answers on the usefulness of the source, supported Award 4 marks for answers on the un-usefulness of the source, supported. e.g. Source C is useful as it shows how the Nazi economic policies put a strain on the Germans . The source talks about how German workers at the RAD camps were controlled in what they did and had little freedom. They also had to work very hard. Source C shows how the Germans had to wake up very early, at 4.45am, and not only work for more than 8 hours but also do more than 3 hours of drill. The report commented that ‘The young people are deadened by physical exertion. The daily wage is not enough to buy beer.’ This tells the historian that the policy was harsh and put a strain on the Germans. The Germans were also paid low wages. 3-4 L4 Utility judged by its reliability, explained Award 5 marks for one cross-reference showing source is useful or not useful. e.g. Source C is useful when cross -referenced to Source F. Source F states that the RAD was ‘compulsory’ and that ‘workers had little freedom and had to work long hours’. This supports what Source E shows about the hard and controlled lives of the German workers at RAD camps. Their day is packed with many physical activities such as gymnastics, work, drills. Source F also states that the ‘German workers were not necessarily better off than they had been under the Weimar Republic’. 5

4 e.g. Source C is not completely useful when cross -referenced to the Background Information which tells us that the Nazis also had two organisations – Beauty of Labour and Strength Through Joy – which improved working conditions in factories and organised leisure activities for German workers’ enjoyment. These organisations helped or benefitted the Germans, unlike what Source C shows, which did not benefit the Germans. Note: Do not accept cross -references to Sources B and D as they are biased sources. Students can cross -reference to Source E. Answers must also not cross-refer to the KdF as it is different from the RAD. L5 Utility judged by a critical analysis of the proven