NJC Biomolecules of Life - Proteins Notes

H2 Biology – Notes Proteins 2024 1 Name: Class: Date: CORE IDEA 1: THE CELL AND BIOMOLECULES OF LIFE PROTEINS Your syllabus requires you to: (g) describe the structure and properties of the following monomers: iii. amino acids (in proteins) (knowledge of chemical formulae of specific R-groups of different amino acids is not required) (h) describe the formation and breakage of the following bonds: iii. peptide bond (m) explain primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure of proteins, and describe the types of bonds that hold the molecule in shape (hydrogen, ionic and disulphide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions) (n) explain the effects of temperature and pH on protein structure (o) describe the molecular structure of the following proteins and explain how the structure of each protein relates to the function it plays: i. haemoglobin (transport) ii. collagen (structural) iii. G-protein linked receptor (signalling) (knowledge of details of the number of amino acids and types of secondary structures present is not required)

H2 Biology – Notes Proteins 2024 2 Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Amino acids ........................................................................................................................................ 4 a. Basic structure of an amino acid ............................................................................................. 4 b. Properties of Amino acids ....................................................................................................... 5 3. Polypeptides ....................................................................................................................................... 7 4. Four Levels of Protein Structure ......................................................................................................... 9 a. Primary structure .................................................................................................................... 9 b. Secondary structure ................................................................................................................ 9 c. Tertiary structure ................................................................................................................... 12 d. Quaternary structure ............................................................................................................. 13 5. Types of Proteins .............................................................................................................................. 16 a. Haemoglobin ......................................................................................................................... 16 b. Collagen ......................................................................................................................