AHS S4 2020 Prelim Core Paper 1 Malaya with answers edited

© Anglican High School Humanities Department 2020 2174/01/S4FYE/20 Name: Index No: Class: ANGLICAN HIGH SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2020 _____________________________________________________________________ HISTORY 2174/01 Paper 1: European Dominance and Challenges (1870s-1945) 28 August 2020 Secondary 4 1 hour 40 minutes Additional Materials: 5 sheets of writing paper _______________________________________________________________ READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Follow the instructions on the front cover of the Answer Booklet. Write your index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer either Question 2 or Question 3 At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Hand in the question paper, Section A and Section B separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Section A 30 marks Section B Qn. No: ( ) 20 marks TOTAL: 50 marks _____________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 5 printed pages. Parent’s Name: Parent’s Signature: Date: S4 [Turn over

2 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2020 2174/01/S4FYE/2020 Section A (Source-Based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates Study all the sources carefully and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Sources A and B. How similar are these two sources? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Source C. How reliable is this source as evidence about British rule in Malaya? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Source D. Why did Governor Weld make this statement? Explain your answer. [5] (d) Study Source E and F. How far does Source E make you surprised about Source F? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. ‘The British went too far in the implementation of the Residential System’ How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

3 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2020 2174/01/S4FYE/2020 The Residential System in Malaya BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The Residential System was set up in the Protected Malay States of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang from 1874 to 1895. Under the Residential System, the Sultan was the President of the State Council and was in charge of matters affecting Malay customs and religion. The other Malay chiefs were allowed to retain their titles and retained the positions in the State Council. On the other hand, the Resident whose advice had to be followed by the Sultans, exercised control over areas such as revenue collection and administration of justice. There has been much controversy over whether the Residential System led to the Malay States losing their status as independent states. Hence, did the British go too far in the implementation of the Residential System? Source A: A comment by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia, on the status of Malaya as a British colony before the Japanese Occupation. We were technically never colonized. What we did was the sultans decided to invite the British to come and advise them on how to administer the country. We were not conquered in that sense. Just like Penang, we were paid to give them a kind of trading station... But the fact remains that when the British were here, they operated as if we were colonized. In other words, the British did not advise, they gave orders. Source B: A statement by the eight Prime Minister of Malaysia Muhyiddin Yassin, on Malaya’s status as a British colony before the Japanese Occupation. On the question of whether Malaysia was colonised, the answer is — yes. I take that stand although there are some views stating otherwise. If we study historical facts carefully, we will know that our celebration of Merdeka is not in vain because we were colonised. The Malay Rulers had to accept the advice of the British commissioner or resident and this means we were not free. Source C: An extract from an arti cle in the Straits Times on 2 August 1889, summarising the speeches of Sir Hugh Low at the Straits Settlement dinner in London. By a policy of guidance instead of force, British influence has extended gradually over Perak, Selangor, Sungei Ujong, and Pahang. Sir Hugh Low also bore witness to the success of dealing kindly and patiently with the natives instead of coercing them. A steady persistence in this sympathetic policy, to convince both Malays and Chinese that the British Government are their true protectors, mean well by them and have their welfare at heart, cannot fail to yield the happiest of results. [Turn over

4 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2020 2174/01/S4FYE/2020 Source D: Extracted from a comment by Governor Frederick Weld on retaining the Residential System, after he became the Governor of the Straits Settlements in May 1880. It is my policy to utilise native agencies as much as possible in governing native States. It should be our objective to let the leading men feel that we are there to help them and bring them into cordial co-operation with us in promoting the welfare of States and people, and to show them that we value their assistance, that we respect their position, and consult their views to bring about political stability. Source E: An account by Frank Swettenham writing in 1893 as Assistant Resident of Selangor. He was Resident of Perak and Selangor before becoming the first Resident-General of the Federated Malay States in 1896. I have spoken of the Residential System, but in reality there was no system; what there is now is grown from the experience gained in trying the untried. A British officer, acting under the instructions of a distant Governor, is sent to ‘advise’ a Malay ru ler and his chiefs. The officer is told he is responsible for everything but he is not to interfere in details. His advice must be followed, but he must not attempt to enforce it. He must keep the peace, see that justice is administered, respect vested int erests, abolish abuses, raise revenue, foster British interests, do his best for the State, and obey instructions he receives from Singapore, and with it all he is at his own peril to remember that he is only an adviser of the Malay Ruler! Source F: Sir Peter Benson Maxwell writing in 1878 about the implementation of the Pankor Treaty. He was the former Chief Justice of the Straits Settlements and a critic of British intervention in Malaya. The Malays who imagined they were treating for a guide, had in actual fact accepted a master and signed away their country to foreign rule. Honestly, the treaty could mean no more than the Sultan would give serious attention to the advice offered. To conclude that in agreeing to accept advice, the Ruler surrendered all freedom of action and authorised the Adviser to implement his own advice is utterly unreasonable.

5 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2020 2174/01/S4FYE/2020 Section B: Essays Answer two questions 2 ”The Dutch expansion into the Outer Islands from 1870s onwards was primarily due to political rivalry b