NCHS Sec 4 PHY TP2 British Malaya (2024)

1 Nan Chiau High School Sec 4 Pure History – Term 2 Revision Practice 2 (40 minutes) Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: 4_________ Date: ________ 18 Section A: Source-Based Case Study (8m) 1 (e) Study all the sources. The Federated Malay States Background information In 1896 four British protected Malay States of Perak, Neg eri Sembilan, Selangor and Pahang were combined into a single political structure known as the Federated Malay States or FMS. However, the federation of Malay States provided no clear division of power between the central (in Kuala Lumpur) and the state governments. In other words, it was merely a device to secure greater uniformity, efficiency and economy. Frank Swettenham, the first Resident -General of FMS, cited the lack of uniformity in administration and Residents becoming increasingly powerful as weaknesses of the Residential System. However, the over -centralisation feature of the Federation and the increasing power of the Resident-General also led to its greatest defect. This eventually led to a policy of decentralisation from 192 0s onwards . Did the introduction of the Federated Malay States in 1896 bring more benefits than harm to the people? Source B: I should honour the original treaty (the Pangkor Engagement) and it should be followed in its exact terms…. And that rulers should be treated as the ruler with the Resident to carry out on his behalf and with his cooperation, policies decided in consultation with a stronger state council. The idea of a common treasury for the F.M.S undermined Perak’s interests, state officers and state governments have to remain separate entities. I do not agree to the idea of using revenues collected from my state to develop an impoverished Pahang. “The formation of the Federated Malay States brought benefits to the Malay States.” How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8] A complaint by Sultan Idris of Perak about centralisation of power in Kuala Lumpur in 1903.

2 Source C: With the formation of the Federated Malay States, transport systems of individual states were gradually linked up. It was possible to travel by rail from Perai (Penang) to Malacca, cutting across three Malay states of Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. The tin and rubber industries also saw rapid development and many Chinese immigrants from the Straits Settlements moved into the Federated Malay States. They provided the labour and capital needed for the tin industry. Health facilities, education, communications and other social services were improved. Source D: While there is no desire to prohibit Malays from sharing in the benefit of the prosperity brought to the country by recent developments in agriculture and mining, there is some fear that by taking advantage of the present high value of the land, the inhabitants of these s tates may be depriving themselves and their children of any future right to inheriting land. Shortly after, the Malay Reservation Enactment was passed and came into force on 1 January 1914. Source E: The Malay rulers cordially approved this scheme (the Federated Malay States or F.M.S) because it did not touch their own status in any way, though it formally recognised the right of the Resident-General to exercise a very large control in the affairs of the State. Above all, they not only accepted but desired federation, because they believed that it would give them, in the Resident General, a powerful advocate of their needs and their views, a friend whose voice could be heard further and carry more weigh t than that of any Resident. An account from a travel book on the development of the Federated Malay States in early 1920s. A report by a committee set up by the Federal Government to enquire on the bleak living conditions of the poor Malay peasants in the Federated Malay States in 1910. An account taken from a book written by Frank Swettenham in 1948 about the origin and progress of British influence in Malaya.

3 Source F: A historian’s view on the formation of the Federated Malay States in 1896. Interestingly, although the issue of federation would significantly change the status of the Malay Sultans and their country, the debate was confined within British colonial official circles. In a whirlwind tour of ten days in July 1895, Frank Swettenham secured the signatures of the Malay rulers to the Federation agreement… Although all resolutions passed in the Federal Council had to be sanctioned by the State Councils presided over by the Sultans before they were enacted, this step was a mere formality. Section B: Multiple-Choice & Short Answer Questions (10m) Write your answer in the spaces provided. 2. Which of the following were impacts brought about by the Pangkor Treaty? i. It led to the establishment of the Straits Settlements (i.e. Penang, Malacca and Singapore becoming unified and governed as one unit) ii. It led the British to adopt a more interventionist stance in the Malay states iii. It led to the creation of the Residential System in Perak iv. It begun the process of erosion of Malay rulers’ authority in Malaya A) All of the above B) i and ii C) iii, iv D) ii, iii, iv 3. “The British intervened in Perak due to local instability that threatened British economic interests in Malaya.” (a). Which of the following is NOT an appropriate supporting/historical detail to include if you were crafting the Given Factor paragraph? A) The Perak War occurring after the murder of James W. W. Birch B) The Larut Wars between secret societies C) The succession disputes between Sultan Ismail, Sultan Abdullah and Sultan Yusuf D) The role of merchants in Singapore petitioning the British to intervene

4 (b) An alternative factor for the above essay question is the competition from other European powers —a political factor that influenced the British to take a more active stance in Malaya. State one example/event that shows the greater competition between European powers: _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Which Treaty consolidated British control in the Unfederated Malay States (UFMS) , giving the British to rights to control the Northern Malay States? A) Treaty of Kedah B) Bangkok Treaty C) Treaty of London D) Treaty of Abu Bakar 5. What is the main reason accounting for the greater autonomy given to the Unfederated Malay States compared to the Federated Malay States? A) These areas were culturally too different to put under a single Federation B) These areas were significantly more developed and required less British control C) These areas were not as strategically or economically important as the FMS. D) These areas were less resistant to British rule, hence rewarded with greater autonomy. 6. What was the impact of British colonial education policies on Malaya? i. It led to unequal education outcomes for different segments of the population ii. It led to an introduction of English-medium schools catering to those of upper classes. iii. The Malayan education system became modernised as a result. iv. Boys and girls were equally prioritized by the British government. A) ii, iii, iv B) i and ii C) ii and iii D) ii and iv

5 7. State one negative economic impact of British colonial rule with elaboration [2m] _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 8. “There was co-operation and a general lack of resistance to British colonial rule”. Provide one supporting detail that you woul