VJC 2023 WA1 P2 AS (8881)

1 2023 JC1 GP WA1 Answer Scheme (Teacher’s Copy) From Passage 1 1. What does the writer's use of the phrase ‘golden ticket’ (line 1) suggest about education? [2] Approach: ● Firstly, explain the literal meaning of a ‘golden ticket’. ● Then, link it to the context of what education leads to, according to the passage ● This is a question that requires one to infer AND paraphrase From the Text Possible paraphrase Education is seen as the golden ticket to a better life. (line 1) A golden ticket provides a prized/precious opportunity to access something desired/important (meaning of phrase). [1] Direct means [NOT accepted] In this context, education offers/ provides / enables access to a promising future. [1] 2. What does the phrase ‘mystical fantasy’ (line 10) imply about free education? [1] Approach: ● Unpack the phrase: consider characteristics of a ‘mystical fantasy’ relevant to the general perception of free education ● Since this is a one-mark question, the answer should not include the ‘not’ that was from the passage. ● Accurate use of vocabulary: ‘unreal’ and ‘unrealistic’ are not the same From the Text Possible inference Free education is not some mystical fantasy, as it has indeed existed in the past and still does exist in small institutions scattered across America. (lines 10-11) ‘Mystical fantasy’ implies that free education is perceived by some to be unattainable/ a far- fetched /unrealistic notion. [1] Not acceptable to lift ‘exist’ 3. From paragraph 2, identify three links drawn between economic well-being and education. [3] Approach: ● From paragraph 2, identify and paraphrase links between economic well-being (not other types of well-being) and education. ● In Paragraph 2, there are two of such links on the macro-level, and one link on the micro-level. ● Need to realise that in the passage, ‘individuals bring in bigger paychecks’ (line 16) is a further elaboration of ‘personal economies..develop succeed’ (line 15).

2 From the Text Possible paraphrase higher education is directly correlated with economic growth and stability (line 13) Countries thrive when their educational systems thrive. (lines 13-14) The more educated the citizens of a country are, the more likely their personal economies are to develop and succeed. (lines 14-15)/ educated individuals bring in bigger paychecks than those who are lacking in their education. a. Economies advance/ progress and are less volatile with rising educational levels. b. Nations flourish/ do better when their educational systems are robust/ strong. c. The higher a person’s level of academic qualifications, the wealthier he/she is individually/ the more individuals progress and advance financially. 4. In paragraph 2, how does the author support the claim that education allows people to ‘contribute to the world at large’? [1] Approach: ● Identify the specific technique used, via the signposting ‘according to…’ (line 17) ● Need to include context by Identifying the kind of activities that people engage in to ‘contribute to the world at large’ from the passage From the Text Possible paraphrase According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), educated people are more actively involved in various societal activities such as voting, volunteering, engaging in political discourse and building interpersonal trust. Knowledge in many fields contributes to participating in these activities and events. She cites/gives examples from research that found educated people are more engaged in civic matters. [1] She states/mentions [not accepted] 5. From Paragraph 3, why does the author cite suicide rates from the Psychological Reports journal? [2] Approach: ● Identify the generic function of citing research ● Identify and paraphrase the specific argument that the author wishes to support with this citation ● ‘Educated individuals tend to live longer lives than their uneducated counterparts.’ (line 24-25) is the broader argument, whereas the concluding sentence is the more specific argument relevant to suicide rates.

3 From the Text Possible paraphrase Learned people lead fuller, more meaningful lives and consequently have greater inspiration to keep on living and to fulfill their life goals and dreams. (lines 28-30) She wants to prove/ show/ support the argument that higher education enables greater satisfaction in life/enjoy a more significant life (direct outcome of education). [1] Better life [BOD] These people have stronger reasons to carry on living (direct outcome of better life satisfaction). [1] 6. In Paragraph 4, what are the contrasting factors needed for a society to grow? [2] Approach: ● Identify the relevant material to paraphrase using the signposting ‘In order for a society to grow’ (Line 32) ● Paraphrase the contrasting factors From the Text Possible paraphrase In order for a society to grow, it must share common goals and values while simultaneously promoting variance and uniqueness. (lines 32-34) For society to grow, people need to have similar aims and beliefs/traits/morals/culture. [1] However at the same time, it also needs to encourage diversity/differences OR individuality. [1] 7. How does the phrase ‘an injustice to humanity’ (line 42) support the author’s argument earlier in this paragraph? [2] Approach: ● Unpack the phrase ‘an injustice to humanity’ ● Identify the author’s argument earlier in the paragraph ● Explain how the phrase ‘an injustice to humanity’ supports this argument ● For the 2nd mark, there is a need to paraphrase either ‘privilege’ or ‘right’ From the Text Possible inference Higher education should no longer be viewed and treated as a privilege, but rather considered a right and necessity for the individuals of society. (lines 39-41) 1. ‘Injustice to humanity’ suggests depriving anyone of education is morally wrong/unfair/a crime against mankind [1] 2: because it is an inalienable entitlement/fulfils a fundamental need/should be made available to all/should not be only given to a select few [1]

4 From Passage 2 8. Summarise the problems of pursuing higher education. Write your summary in no more than 120 words. [8] From the passage Suggested Answer “But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.” - not relevant for the Summary as the specific problems of pursuing higher education only begin from Paragraph 2. 1 As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are lower. With more young people pursuing higher education, the dividends that it brings to the young and governments have decreased. 2 Employers demand degrees for jobs / Employers insist candidates hold qualifications Require [lifting] 3 that never required them in the past OR and have become more demanding since that were not necessary in the past. 4 In a desperate attempt to stand out, students are studying even longer , and delaying work Inferred: waste time/ spend too much/ unnecessary time in school 5 In many developed countries where most young workers have degrees, many of the unemployed are graduates. Many young graduates in developed countries are still jobless. 6 Many students are wasting their own money and that of the taxpayers who subsidise them. Money, whether from the students themselves or governments, is often squandered on higher education. 7 But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job. OR Recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants. Higher education is not necessarily the most effective gauge/ reflection of the abilities and/or expertise required of workers. OR Academic qu alifications