2024 RI Y6 Timed Practice P2 AS (8881)

1 2024 Y6 GP TP – P2 Suggested Responses 1. Using one illustration in paragraph 1, explain how the author justifies his claim that ‘It is hard to imagine life in a world without rules’ (line 1). [2] From the passage/Lift Pt Suggested Answer Mk The author justifies his claim by stating that… … our bodies [follow] some very strict and complex biological laws (lines 1- 2) A1 [INF: RULES ARE FUNDAMENTAL/VERY IMPORTANT/NECESSARY] Rules are fundamental for the functioning of our bodies… 1m without which we would all be doomed (lines 2-3) A2 [NEGATIVE REPERCUSSIONS OF NOT FOLLOWING RULES] …as without them we would die / not survive. 1m OR … the very words I am writing now follow the rules of English (line 3) B1 [INF: RULES ARE FUNDAMENTAL/VERY IMPORTANT/NECESSARY] Rules form the basis of communication… 1m Breaking away from the rules of my language makes me…incoherent (5- 7) B2 [NEGATIVE REPERCUSSIONS OF NOT FOLLOWING RULES] …and not complying with / rejecting them would lead to us not being able to communicate / misunderstanding one another / …lead us to not make sense 1m

2 2. Why does the author say that ‘a game with no rules is no game at all’ (line 14)? [2] From the passage/Lift Pt Suggested Answer Mk He says this because games without rules… …chess or football without rules … would be entirely formless (lines 12- 13) A …would lack any structure / would be completely disorganised and… NOT: free (or any positive answer) / shapeless (wrong context) / amorphous (or any literal paraphrase) / “would be unregulated”, “no guidelines) (or any paraphrase of “no rules”) NOTE: Meaning, Intensity, Context in paraphrasing 1m … and meaningless activities ( line 14) B …would not have purpose / would be pointless / would be futile NOT: empty / worthless / insincere / no outcome 1m 3. Explain the author's use of dashes in lines 17-18. [2] From the passage/Lift Pt Suggested Answer Mk He uses dashes… The conventions of “please” and “thank you” that seem so irksome to young children are indeed arbitrary, but the fact that we have such conventions – and it is crucial that we agree what they are – is part of what makes our social interactions run smoothly. (lines 16-19) A FUNCTION To emphasise/underline/highlight NOT: show / demonstrate 1m B1 [AGREEMENT AMONG ALL] …how vital having consensus about rules is / … that it is essential for us to concur about rules 1m B2 [FOR IMPROVED INTERACTIONS] … as they help people to get along amicably / to relate to each other well / to communicate efficiently NOTE: Need to get B1+B2 for the 1m, as the ideas are LINKED

3 4. According to the author, in lines 24-27, why is anarchy ‘inherently unstable’ (line 25)? [2] From the passage/Lift Pt Suggested Answer Mk Anarchy is inherently unstable as… …humans continually… [generate new rules] (line 25) A …people create novel/fresh rules without stopping / incessantly Accept: constantly / consistently / always / repeatedly / frequently / regularly NOT: continuously (same root) / persistently 1-2pt = 1m 3pt = 2m …and spontaneously… generate new rules (lines 25-26) B … and [create novel/fresh rules] without planning / on the spur of the moment Accept: on impulse / impulsively / unexpectedly / unpredictably / on a whim BOD: naturally / instinctively NOT: suddenly / thoughtlessly / without thinking / randomly NOTE: “generate rules” needs to be captured (no need to paraphrase) in either A or B – if not captured, award only 1m for a correct paraphrase of either bolded word …and they do so as rapidly as old rules are dismantled (lines 26-27) C …and very quickly after past rules are discarded / as soon as previous regulations have been invalidated Accept: abolished / taken down / removed BOD: demolished NOT: dissembled / taken apart (too literal) NOTE: No mark for responses without second part (“as old rules are dismantled”)

4 5. From paragraph 6, what contrasts does the author make between games in the past and those in the present. [2] From the passage/Lift Pt Suggested Answer Mk A game may start… with ill-defined teams and structure (lines 36-37) vs. But it ends up…with a comprehensive rule book dictating every detail of the game (lines 38-39) A1 [CONTRAST: STRUCTURE – VAGUE VS THOROUGH] While games in the past had vague/unclear/imprecise regulations / parameters… NOT: lacked shape (or any literal paraphrase of “structure”) 1m or 0m A2 … games today are controlled by rules that are thorough/detailed/exhaustive BOD: clear AND (A game may start… with) potentially riotous violence (lines 36-37) vs. We even create international governing bodies to ensure that sport remains civilised. (lines 38-39) B1 [CONTRAST: NATURE – RIOTOUS VS CIVILISED] While games could be (potentially) chaotic / disorderly / descend into lawlessness / had rowdy behaviour NOT: wild / rebellious (i.e. must capture unruly/lawless) NOTE: No need to capture “potentially” 1m or 0m B2 …games today have authorities who oversee sport such that it remains orderly NOT: peaceful / polite NOTE: No need to capture “even” or “international” NOTE: If contrasts are not paired properly (e.g. A1-B1 then A2-B2 – or any other sequence that doesn't make each contrast clear) = 0m

5 6. Suggest how the final paragraph is an effective conclusion to the author’s argument as set out in the first paragraph. [1] From the passage/Lift Pt Suggested Answer Mk But without some rules … society would slide rapidly into pandemonium (lines 42-43) A The point that the lack of rules can lead to catastrophe mirrors the idea in paragraph 1 that we would be “doomed”/ruined without rules OR The point that it would be chaotic/confusing without rules echoes the idea in paragraph 1 that not abiding by rules can lead to us being “incoherent”/incomprehensible/muddled. Strategy: mirroring/parallel Context: catastrophe without rules 1m OR our tendency to create, stick to, and enforce rules as the very foundation of social and economic life (lines 44- 45) B The point that the rules form the basis/core of how we interact or do business {accept either} reiterates the opening claim in paragraph 1 that it is difficult to “imagine”/envisage/conceive of life without rules. Strategy: mirroring/parallel Context: how fundamental rules are 1m NOTE: • No need to paraphrase word(s) from paragraph 1 • Accept any other sensible parallel

6 From Passage 2 7. Summarise what Author B has to say about the problems related to making and following rules. From passage Pt Suggested paraphrase for this way tyranny also lies (line 6) / …oppressive, patterns of behaviour (line 7) / … instruments of tyranny (line 33) A [OPPRESSION] Used for subjugation/coercion/domination powerful sense of wanting to enforce…irrespective of their justification (lines 6-9) / people can become so fervent about arbitrary rules (lines 12-13) B [OVERZEALOUS FOLLOWING OF RANDOM RULES] People can be fanatical/obsessed/ overly eager/ overly zealous about illogical/subjective/capricious rules [“arbitrary” – NOT: haphazard] that they may exact extreme punishments to maintain them (line 14) / mete out such retribution (line 15) C [EXTREME PUNISHMENT] People impose excessive/severe penalties for breaking rules BOD: very bad NOTE: Paraphrase must capture intensity NOT: negative/bad/harmful – but very harmful NOTE: “such” (15) must be paraphrased to capture the sense of “excessive” the rules must be obeyed, just because they are the rules (lines 16-17) / we simply absorb “the way we do things around here” (line 5) D [BLINDLY FOLLOW] People follow/internalise rules unquestioningly/ bli