2023 EOY - Mayflower Sec (GIEL & Climate) - Suggested responses & Qns

1 [Mayflower Sec] 3E END OF YEAR EXAMINATION 2023 ANSWER SCHEME Answer Question 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life 1 A group of students from Mayflower Secondary School investigated the experience of visitors at the Gallop Extension in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. The Gallop Extension is an eight hectare area with many features which aim to bring nature closer to visitors while educating them on Singapore’s forest ecosystems and conservation efforts. The students designed a closed-ended questionnaire to test the hypothesis: ‘Knowledge about the features of the Gallop Extension increases as the length of visit to that part of the Gardens increases’. Study Fig. 1.1, which shows the map of the Gallop Extension in the Singapore Botanic Gardens.

2 Fig. 1.1 (a) Suggest a suitable guiding question for their investigation. Possible answers: Knowledge about the features of the Gallop Extension increases as the length of visit to that part of the Gardens increases’. Does the knowledge about the features of he Gallop Extension change as the length of visit to that part of the Gardens increases? How does the length of visit to the Gallop Extension affect the knowledge of it? AO2 [1]

3 (b) The students decided to craft a questionnaire based on their hypothesis in (a). With reference to Fig 1.1, state two possible closed-ended questions and their response options which the students could use for their questionnaire. Award 1m for stating each pair of question and response options, to a maximum of 2m. Possible responses include: - Question: How long did you spend at the Gallop Extension? Options: a) Less than 1 hour, b) Between 1 and 2 hours, c) More than 2 hours - Question: How many features did you visit at the Gallop Extension? Options: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 - Question: How many times have you visited the Gallop Extension? Options: a) Once b) first time c)2-3 times c) more than thrice AO2 [2] (c) Using information from Fig. 1.1, suggest how the survey can be carried out to collect the data. [3] Award 1m for the suggestion of the suitable sampling method and 2m for the description of how it is carried out. Description must include information on where the sampling method is carried out. Possible responses can include: • Students can use a simple random sampling method as it will help to remove the bias that could stem from selection of visitors. [1] • This could be done at either of the entrances of Singapore Botanic Gardens where people enter and exit by so as to approach visitors easily.[1] • This can be done by using a random number table in the selection of visitors at a specific time at the gate [1] AO2 (d) Study Fig. 1.2 which provides descriptions of the different features of the Gallop Extension in Singapore Botanic Gardens.

4 Fig. 1.2 (e) With reference to Fig. 1.2, describe two ways that visitors might increase their awareness about nature areas from the various features found in the Gallop Extension. 1. From the forest discovery centre [1], they might be able to increase their awareness about nature areas through learning about the different forest habitats in SG and ways to contribute to forest reforestation[1] 2. Mingxin Foundation Rambler’s Ridge [1]helps visitors increase their awareness about nature through showing the unique forest habitats found on the tropical hills of SEA.[1] Award 1m for identification of feature and 1m for each description on how it helps to increase awareness of nature areas. AO1 [4] Study Fig. 1.3, which shows the Forest Restoration Action Plan in Singapore. An interpretive centre where visitors can learn about different forest habitats in Singapore and ways to contribute to forest restoration efforts. This ridge-top train brings visitors through the unique forest habitats found on the tropical hills of Southeast Asia, and includes a more challenging hike for those that are up for adventure. A collection of dipterocarp species, including many valuable timber species that are threatened by deforestation in Southeast Asia.

5 Forest Restoration Action Plan Fig. 1.3 (f) Using information from Fig. 2, describe the distribution of the Forest Restoration sites in Singapore. [4] • The restoration sites are all mainly at the fringe/ edges of the nature reserves (1m) • Almost the entire Bukit Timah Nature Reserve has plans for its adjacent land to be restored such as Dairy Farm, Hindhede and Rifle Range Nature Park (1m) • There are no plans for restoration sites in the northern or southern part of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (1m) • Springleaf Nature Park is located in the northwest and is far away from the other restoration sites (1m)

6 AO2 (g) With reference to studies that you have made, explain one way nature areas might be disadvantaged by local communities. 1. Soil erosion and damaging vegetation. - When people hike along non-designated trails in nature areas, this might cause soil compaction which prevents rainwater from infiltrating the surface. - This could lead to higher surface flows and soil erosion as the flowing water washes away the soil particles. - Humans might trample on the vegetation, damaging the plants and affecting their growth. - For example, in 2014, human activites led to severe soil erosion and habitat degradation in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve which resulted in the limiting of public access to the nature reserve for 2 years. 2. Worsening pollution and disturbing wildlife - Littering can worsen pollution in natural areas - Animals can get cut by metal cans or become entangled with plastic containers and bags/ Some animals might mistake litter for food and consume them, causing the animals to get hurt and suffer, which might lead to death. - Feeding wildlife might also alter their eating habits and behaviours and human-wildlife conflict can increase when animals associate food with people. - For example, in Singapore, the law prohibits the feeding of any wild animals and anyone caught intentionally feeding wildlife will be fined $5000 on the first offence. Award 1m for each point, for a maximum of 4m AO1 [4] (h) Photograph A shows a cooking class for senior citizens taking place in a void deck in Singapore.

7 Photograph A Explain how the above activity in Photograph A might help to enhance the senior citizen’s sense of place. • As seen in Photograph A, senior citizens are gathered at a HDB void deck participating in the cooking activity,[1] creating fond/positive memories of this place, resulting in a stronger sense of place. [1] • As the residents positively interact with one another preparing meals together , residents associate the HDB void deck as an inclusive/familiar place for people to gather and participate in activities together. [1] AO1 [3]

8 (i) Describe how life expectancy rate is an indicator of development. As the country gets more developed, it will have more advanced medical technology, which will lead to a higher life expectancy rate. AO1 [1] (j) Describe the differences between a precinct and town. Precincts and Towns differ in terms of size [1]. Precincts are made up of between 400 to 800 residential units while towns comprise a few neighbourhoods of about 4000 to 6000 residents. [1] They also differ in terms of facilities [1]. Towns have a variety of facilities including road networks and shops and schools whereas precincts might have smaller facilities like playgrounds to cater to the neighbourhood[1]. AO1 [4] (k) Explain how the public warning system in Singapo