Chinese revolution SBQ

DUNMANHIGHSCHOOLHUMANITIES&AESTHETICSPROGRAMMEYEAR3D1HISTORY Name: ANSWER ( ) Class:_______ Date:____________ Unit2:WhydidtheChineseRevolutionbreakout? SourceA: Excerptsfroma translationofthe1912ImperialEdictoftheAbdicationoftheXuantongEmperor Owningtoanearlieruprisingofthepeople'sarmy, all provinces haverisenupinsupport, Jiuzhou–Huaxia hasbeenplungedintodisorder, andthepeopleareinmisery…Now, the majorityof thepeopleareleaningtowards republicanism;provincesintheSouthandtheCentraltookthefirststepinadvocatingforit,thenthemilitaryofficersintheNorthalsodesiredtofollowtheirexample…Howcouldwethen,forthehonorandgloryof theroyalclan, persistinopposingthedesireofmillionsofpeople?…We, hereby, transfertherulingpowertothepeopleof the country, anddecidethatthe formof Governmentshallbeconstitutionalrepublicanism. Thisis to satisfythedemandsof thepeoplewhoyearnforpeace. SourceB: ExtractedfromtheBritannicaonlineencyclopediaentryontheoriginsofthe1911Chineserevolution. The chainof eventsimmediatelyleadingto the revolution beganwhenanagreementwassigned(April5,1911)withafour-powergroupofforeignbankersfortheconstructionofrailwaylinesinChina. The Qingcentral governmentdecidedtobuyoverexistingrailwayrightsgiventolocalcompaniesin Sichuanaspartofthis agreement. Thesumoffereddid not meetthe demandsof the localshareholders,andin September1911 thedissatisfactionboiledoverintoopenprotestsagainsttheQinggovernment.OnOctober10,in consequenceof theuncoveringof a plotin Hankou thathadlittleornoconnectionwiththeSichuanepisode,a mutinybrokeoutamongthetroopsthere, andthisisregardedastheformalbeginningoftherevolution.ThemutineersrapidlycapturedWuchang,andsoonafter, provincesafterprovincesdeclaredtheirindependencefromtheQingcourt.

SourceC: AFrenchpoliticalcartoonfrom1898."Chine"(Frenchfor China)isbeingdividedbetweencaricaturesof figuresrepresenting theUnitedKingdom,Germany, Russia, FranceFrench andJapan.Chinaisrepresentedbythefigurewhothrowsuphishandstotryandstopthem. 1. StudySourceA Howuseful isthissourceinexplainingthecausesoftheChineseRevolutionin1911? AcknowledgementSourceA: Adaptedfromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Edict_of_the_Abdication_of_the_Qing_EmperorSourceB: Adaptedfromhttps://www.britannica.com/event/Chinese-Revolution-1911-1912SourceC: Takenfromhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_imperialism_cartoon.jpg

SuggestedWritingFrame] Paragraph1–USEFUL L1/1Useful/LimitedinUsefulness,basedonunexplainedprovenanceonly. L2/2Usefuland/orLimitedinUsefulness,unsupported. L3/3-4Usefuland/orLimitedinUsefulness,explainedandsupportedusingsourcecontent,notsupportedwithcross-reference.Award3marksforside,explainedAward4marksforbothsides,explained L4:L3+UsefulAND/ORLimitedinUsefulness,basedonsourcecontent,supportedwithCross-referenceAward4marksfor1sidewithcross-referenceAward5marksforbothsideswithcross-reference L5:L4+LimitedinUsefulnessbasedoncriticalanalysis(reliability)oftheprovenanceAward6marksformoredevelopedanswersthatusescontextualknowledge (Point) Source A is useful in telling me that the 1911 uprising was a result of the peoplewantingtouseforcetooverthrowtheQinggovernmenttoestablishademocraticgovernment. (Evidence and explanation) Source A states that “themajorityofthepeopleareleaningtowards republicanism;provincesintheSouthandtheCentraltookthefirststepinadvocatingforit, thenthemilitaryofficersin theNorthalsodesiredto followtheirexample.”ThismeansthattheuprisingstartedinthesouthernprovincesofChinaandhadspreadtomanyotherregionstoopposetheQinggovernmentMonarchyandtoestablishaRepublicangovernment. (Cross-Reference)ThisisalsosupportedbyevidencefromSourceBwhichtellsmethat“ThemutineersrapidlycapturedWuchang,andsoonafter, provincesafterprovincesdeclaredtheirindependencefromtheQingcourt.” Hence, theevidencefrombothofthesesourcesimpliesthattherevolutionbrokeoutbecausethepeoplehadrisenagainst theQinggovernment. ThemutineershadsuccessfullycapturedWuchang and other provinces and were able to declare their independence fromthe Qinggovernment. Paragraph2-LIMITATIONS However,SourceAislimitedinutilityasitdoesnottell usabouttheforeignencroachmentsplayaroleintheoutbreakofthe1911Revolution. (Cross - Reference) This evidence can befoundinSourceCwhichshowsmanyforeignerscarving up the Chinese pie. Thiscanbeseeninthepicturewithshowsmajor countrieslike

Britain, France, Japan, Italy, Germany & Russia cutting up a pie which represents China.(Explanation)Thus, Source A is limited in its utility as it did not point out that foreign intervention hadweakenedChinagreatlyandmadethepeopledemandachangeofgovernment._________________________________________________________________________. Paragraph3–CONCLUSIONTODETERMINEUTILITY(CriticallyAssessProvenance) (Point) UltimatelySourceAislimitedinusefulnessasit isone-sidedinviewpoint.Itattemptsto misinform the people by saying that the government was ready to move China towardsbecoming a Republican country. It does not tell us the legitimate reason was the people’sunhappinesstowardstheweakQinggovernment. (Evidence)ThiscanbeevidencedbytheprovenanceofSourceAiswhichisaffectedbytheimperial edictthataccompaniedtheabdicationofXuantongwhodeclaredthattherulinggovernentwill “transfertherulingpowertothepeopleofthecountryanddecidethattheformofgovernmentshall beconstitutional republicanism.” (Explanation) Here, theImperial Edict onthebehalf of Emperor, Xuantong(author) wantstoPERSUADE / CONVINCE (action word) the common people (audience) to believe thatEmperor Xuantong was willing to accept a change from the Monarchy system to theRepublican government. This is to minimise the resentment towards the Qing governmentandcasttheQingGovernmentinamorepositivelight. (outcome). Thisisdonebysayingthat“thepeopleareinmisery”andsotheQinggovernmentwill not“persistinopposingthedesireofmillionsofpeople”(message). Since(EmperorXuantong)authorofSourceAhasamotivetomisinformthereaderbyportrayingtheEmperorinapositivelight,itishardtotaketheinformationatfacevalue.Thus,thesourceisbiased&hencenotsouseful asitisacoverupoftheQinggovernment’sfear&cowardicebystatingthattheydesiredtomeettheneedsofthepeople&werewillingtogiveuptheirpower. WhilethereissomedegreeofcredibilityinSourceA,itdoesnotnecessarilymakeitusefulinshowingpeople’sunhappinesswhichledtothedemandforchangewastheonlycausefortherevolution.Thiswoulddownplaytheweaknessesof theQinggovernmentthattroubledChina.Internalweaknessesandforeigninterventionhadpavedthewayfora revolutiontobreakout.ThesourcefailstoprovideabalancedperspectiveofwhatledtodownfalltheoutbreakoftheChineseRevolutionandhenceisnottotallyuseful. _________________________________________________________________________.