AISS 2024 Salts Notes

6092 Chemistry 1 AISS Chemistry Unit Chapter 12: Salts Name: …………………………………….( ) Class: …….. Date: ………………. ___________________________________________________________________ 12.1 What is a Salt? Based on your knowledge on the chemical reactions in the chapter of acids and bases, state the possible reactions that would allow you to prepare a salt. • Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2 • Acid + base → salt + water H2SO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4)2SO4 • Acid + metal carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water 2HNO3 + CaCO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced by a metallic ion or an ammonium ion. Reactions in Which Salts Can Be Made Possible reactants Salt formed Metal/ Carbonate (for the cation) Acid (for the anion) zinc (Zn) hydrochloric acid (HCl) Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3) Nitric acid (HNO3) copper(II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2 At the end of this section, you should be able to: • define a salt • state common reactions used to prepare a salt • describe the general rules for the solubility of common salts in water

6092 Chemistry 2 Magnesium (Mg) / Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) aqueous ammonia NH3(aq) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Ammonium chloride NH4Cl potassium hydroxide (KOH) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) potassium phosphate (K3PO4) Checkpoint 1 State possible starting reactants for the following salts based on the above chemical acid/base reactions. No Reactants Products (Salts) 1 Copper(II) oxide/hydroxide/carbonate + nitric acid copper(II) nitrate 2 Sodium oxide/hydroxide/carbonate + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride 3 Potassium oxide/hydroxide/carbonate + sulfuric acid potassium sulfate 4 Zinc/zinc oxide/hydroxide/carbonate + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride 5 magnesium/magnesium oxide/hydroxide/carbonate + nitric acid magnesium nitrate

6092 Chemistry 3 12.2 General rules for the solubility of common salts in water Do ionic compounds dissolve in water? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. The table below summarises the general rules for solubility of the common salts in water at room temperature. Soluble salts Insoluble salts All sodium, potassium, ammonium salts (SPA) All nitrates All Chlorides (Clown Laugh & Smile) except Lead chloride, PbCl2 Silver chloride, AgCl All Sulfates (Super Big Chicken Leg) except Barium sulfate, BaSO4 Calcium sulfate, CaSO4 Lead sulfate, PbSO4 Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 Potassium carbonate, K2CO3 Ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3 except All carbonates Sodium hydroxide, NaOH Potassium hydroxide, KOH Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH except All hydroxides Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 is slightly soluble Sodium oxide, Na2O Potassium oxide, K2O except All oxides Calcium oxide, CaO is slightly soluble The solubility