AMKSS 3E Core Geog EOY 2023 Ans Scheme

Name Form Class Index Number GEOGRAPHY 2279 4 Oct 2023 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Material(s): Insert ANSWER SCHEME ANG MO KIO SECONDARY SCHOOL END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION 2023 SECONDARY 3 EXPRESS

2 AMKSS 3E EOY Exam 2279/1/2023 1. Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) Fig. 1 (Insert) shows water harvesting being carried out at a HDB block. Using Fig. 1, suggest how water harvesting is done in the HDB block and explain its importance to environmental sustainability. Award 1 mark for suggesting how each step works, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award 1 mark for explaining the link between the water harvesting and environmental sustainability. Award additional mark for further development on the environmental sustainability Possible responses include: 1. Stormwater is collected in an underground harvesting tank via runoff from the drain. 2. Collected water will be pumped to the treatment room and public drain. 3. Collected stormwater is discharged at a slower rate into the public rain, to reduce flood risk. 4. Water will be treated before it is recycled for non-potable uses such as the washing of common areas and watering of plants decks of housing blocks. ( max. 3 marks) Outcomes and links to environmental sustainability: Overall, water consumption consumption is reduced. This will lead to more resources for future generation (max. 2 marks) [4] (b) Describe the ecosystem services that can be provided in an urban neighbourhood. Award 1 mark for each description of an ecosystem service to a maximum of 4 marks Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Supporting services with variety of plants that are habitats for insect pollinators like bees. • Regulating service by slowing down storm water run off. • Trees around a lake in the park will help to maintain good air quality. • Cultural service: Grassy banks or areas of open spaces can allow for the local community to carry out recreational activities like running. • Recreational experience enhanced by aesthetics of the lake, or river around the area like in Bishan Park. [4] (c) (i) Fig. 2 (Insert) shows the statistics of drink driving in Singapore. Describe the changes in the number of accidents from 2018 to 2022. Award 1 mark for each description of the changes with evidence. Possible responses include:

3 AMKSS 3E EOY Exam 2279/1/2023 [Turn Over • There is an overall decrease from 2018 to 2022 from 178 to 175 accidents. • Initially, there is a steady decrease from 178 accidents in 2018 to 146 accidents in 2020. • However, the number started to increase again after 2020 to 175 accidents in 2022, almost similar to 2018. [3] (ii) With reference to Fig. 2 (Insert) and studies you have made, describe the damaging impacts of traffic and air pollution hazards. Award 1 mark for each description of the impacts with evidence from Fig. 2. Award 1 mark for each description of the impacts of air pollution hazard, to a maximum of 2/3 marks. Possible responses include: Traffic hazards: • People may suffer serious injuries when involved in a traffic accident, which may lead to fatal accidents like in Fig. 4. There were 13 fatalities in 20220 even though it is the lowest number of accidents. • Elderly pedestrians and motorcyclists are the ones with the highest percentage of traffic accidents resulting in injuries or death. • Air pollution hazards: • Respiratory infections, heart diseases and lung cancer. • PM 2.5, also know as particulate matter such as soot, smoke, dust and liquid droplets measuring less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, may be produced in the urban neighbourhoods. • High levels of exposure to nitrogen dioxide may lead to higher risks of asthma in children. [4] (d) With example(s), explain how community resilience is developed in an urban neighbourhood. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how community resilience is developed. Award an additional mark for example given, with explanation. Possible responses include: • Strengthening relationship among residents and raising their awareness of potential hazards. • PA organizes a wide range of community activities aimed at fostering positive relationships amongst residents living in the neighbourhood. • Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, residents come together to provide assistance to others in need (eg. mask and food distribution) • Developing resident’s ability to organize themselves and equip themselves with resources to resist, adapt and recover from a disaster. • CFRs volunteers are important in supporting the government in search and rescue operations, relief work as well as educating public on simple first aid and basic firefighting. [5]

4 AMKSS 3E EOY Exam 2279/1/2023 (e) Fig. 3 (Insert) shows a poster put up by NEA on recycling. With reference to Fig. 3, explain how this is part of environmental stewardship that is developed in an urban neighbourhood. [5] Award 1 mark for each explanation of how environmental stewardship is developed based on Fig. 3 together with evidence, to maximum of 2 marks. Award an additional mark for further development based on other details/points connected to environmental stewardship, to a maximum of 3 marks. Possible responses include: • The figure shows the blubin and the way people are not using the recycling bin correctly. • With 40% of items not able to recycled due to contamination, this is a concern as Singaporeans are not recycling correctly. • NEA is educating/ raising awareness among Singaporeans on how and what they should recycle. • This is part of environmental stewardship as it involves the partnership of public and private sectors. • Different stakeholders come together to steward the environment. • Residents play a vital role in the proper recycling of their waste, • Private stakeholders provide recycling facilities. Overall, enhancing and sustaining environmental stewardship.

5 AMKSS 3E EOY Exam 2279/1/2023 [Turn Over 2. Cluster 4: Tectonics (a) Describe how the earthquakes were measured based on the Moment Magnitude Scale. [3] Award 1 mark for each description of the measurement, to a maximum of 3 marks. Possible responses include: • Earthquakes are measured using seismometers: these are sensitive instruments that detect ground vibrations and determine the magnitude of an earthquake. • The Mw scale rates earthquake magnitude based on the total energy released during the earthquake. • It is logarithmic-an earthquake of magnitude 6 releases about 32 times more energy than a magnitude 5 earthquake. (ii) Explain how disaster risks caused by such earthquakes be influenced by the nature of the hazard. [5] Award 1 mark for each explanation of how duration of shaking and time of shaking influence disaster risks caused by earthquakes. Award an additional mark for further development of each main point. Possible responses include: Duration of shaking • Length of time of ground shaking can influence the extent of disaster risks. • The longer the duration of ground shaking, the more damaging on earthquake it will be. • Structures such as buildings and bridges subjected to a long period of stress are more likely to col