MGS 2023 S3 EOY Geog Ans

METHODIST GIRLS’ SCHOOL Founded in 1887 END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION 2023 Secondary 3 GEOGRAPHY ANSWER SCHEME Friday 2279 6 October 2023 1 hour 45 minutes Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 1 Geographical Methods A group of students investigated the type of visitors that the Singapore Zoo at the Mandai Wildlife Nature Reserve attracts. They were keen to investigate the following hypothesis, “There are more tourists visiting Singapore Zoo than locals.” Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows a map of the Singapore Zoo. (a) (i) The students decided to use questionnaire survey to carry out their investigation. With reference to Fig 1.1, explain how the students could sample the visitors to collect data needed for their investigation. [5] • Students could locate themselves at the entrance of the Singapore Zoo as the entrances of the Singapore Zoo are near carparks, toilets and restaurants. There will be many people frequenting these amenities. • Students could use convenience sampling to select the visitors as it is an efficient method to collect data with the volume of visitors. • The students could collect data for 2 hours, 3 times a day over a period of 2 weeks, to ensure that the data they collect will be representative. • Collecting data over 2 weeks also help to account for the difference in visitor types volume over the weekday and the weekend. • The students could collect at least 50 responses from their survey to ensure reliability of their results. AO2 Accept other possible answers. (ii) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), which shows the questionnaire survey that the students used to investigate the type of visitors at the Singapore Zoo. They were also keen to investigate the underlying reasons that account for the trend of visitors visiting the Singapore Zoo. Suggest two improvements that can be made to the design of the questionnaire shown in Fig. 1.2. [2] • Question 1 is irrelevant to the GI objective that the students are investigating as the gender of the respondent does not affect the outcome of the GI investigation. Students should only ask questions that are related to the GI objective. • All the questions are open-ended, making it difficult for results collation. Students should include some close- ended questions with options for respondents to choose from. AO2 (iii) Study Table 1 (Insert), which shows the results that students collected based on their questionnaire survey. Use an appropriate data presentation method and present the data in Table 1 on Fig. 1.3 to show how the type of visitors changes across the different months at Singapore Zoo. [3] Award 1 mark for appropriate data presentation method selected. Award 1 mark for accurate plot of data. Award 1 mark for legend, correct axis.

3 AO2 (iv) Using information from Table 1 (Insert) and Fig. 1.3, evaluate how well the data supports the students’ hypothesis. [6] Award 1 mark for each evaluation on how well the data supports the hypothesis, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each evaluation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Data supports the hypothesis, there are generally more tourists visiting Singapore Zoo than locals. • Majority of the months in the year, 8 out of the 12 months in the year, there are more tourists than locals visiting the Singapore Zoo. • There are a total of 3359 tourists who visited the Singapore Zoo which is more than that of the total of 3262 locals who visited the Singapore Zoo. • There are, however, more locals than tourists visiting the Singapore zoo in the months of Mar, Jun, Sep and Nov. • The month of June records the largest disparity between the number of locals and tourists, with the number of locals visiting the Singapore zoo far exceeding the number of tourists by 264. • Jan has the lowest difference between the number of tourists and number of locals who visited the Singapore Zoo. The number of tourists only exceeds the number of locals who visited the Singapore Zoo by 27. • October has both the lowest number of tourists and locals visiting the Singapore Zoo. The number of tourists is 202 while the number of locals is 156. Accept other possible responses. AO3 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tourists and locals visiting the zoo each month Tourists Locals

4 (b) The students wanted to extend their study and test the following hypothesis “Fewer visitors visit the Singapore Zoo during months with high rainfall.” The students obtained the rainfall data from the Meteorological Service’s website in Singapore to help with their investigation. Study Fig. 1.4 (Insert), which shows the average monthly rainfall in Singapore. Using information from Table 1 and Fig. 1.4, describe how well the data supports the students’ hypothesis. [4] Possible responses: • The data does not support the students’ hypothesis. • When average monthly rainfall was at its highest in Dec at 380mm, the number of visitors was at 628, which was the month with the fourth highest number of visitors. • There is no clear relationship between the average monthly rainfall and the number of visitors to the Singapore Zoo. • When average monthly rainfall in June, July, August and Sep were relatively uniform at approximately 150mm, the number of visitors to Singapore Zoo varies greatly ranging from the highest in June of 708 visitors to Sep’s 531 visitors. Accept other possible responses. AO2 [Total: 20]

5 2 Tourism (a) (i) Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert) which shows the international tourist arrivals in millions from 1950 to 2020. Describe the international tourist arrival trends from 1950 to 2020 shown in Fig. 2.1. [3] • There is an overall increase in international tourist arrival from 1950 to 2020, from approximately 20 million tourist arrivals in the 1950s to 1600 million in 2020. • There are generally more international tourist arrivals in Europe and Americas than Asia, Africa and Middle East. In 2020, there are 1000 million tourist arrivals in Europe and Americas which is more than the 600 million tourist arrivals in Asia, Africa and Middle East. • However, the tourist arrivals in Asia, Africa and Middle East is gradually increasing over the years. From 1970, 180 million tourist arrivals in Asia, Africa and Middle East, it has increased to 600 million tourist arrivals in 2020. AO2 (ii) Account for the tourist arrival trends observed in Fig. 2.1 (Insert). [3] • The increasing tourist arrivals in Asia, Africa and Middle East could be due to easy access to information. As technology becomes more advanced, information about these places which were previously unknown gets more available and attracts more tourists to visit these regions. • Advancement in technology also enables the easy booking and planning of international trips and made it more convenient for people to travel, leading to an increase in international tourist arrivals globally. • Advancement in transportation technologies over the years has allowed for ease of travel. People are able to fly greater distances over shorter periods of time, making more places accessible and convenient to reach. This accounts for the greater increase in international tourist arrivals globally. Accept other possible answers. AO2 (b) Suggest how an outbreak of diseases can bring about an economic loss for a country which is highly dependent on tourism. [4] • An outbreak of diseases can cause people to cancel their travel plans out of the fear of contracting the disease. When there are less people travelling, there will be less tourists’ spending in the affected country, leading to an economic loss.