Digestive System💩 (Lower sec)

Digestive System 💩 Parts of the system and the enzymes 1.Parts of e Digestive System

Physical Digestion helps to break down food into smaller pieces by physical ormechanical means, which occurs in:- The churning action of the stomach- The chewing in the mouth Chemical digestionby enzymes hydrolyses the food molecules into smaller,soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream.It begins in the mouth by the salivary glands,then in the stomach, andlastly, at the small intestines. Digestion Process In the Digestive System Partsofdigestivesystem PhysicalDigestion ChemicalDigestion EnzymesPresent DigestionProcessMouth ✅ ✅ amylase Carbohydrates(starch) →Maltose Oesophagus ❌ ✅ amylase Carbohydrates(Starch) →maltose stomach ✅ ✅ Protease Proteins →Polypeptides smallIntestines ❌ ✅ Amylase, Maltase Carbohydrates →Maltose →Glucose Protease,protease Proteins →Polypeptides →amino acids Lipase Fat →Fatty Acids+Glycerol LargeIntestines ❌ ❌ - - Anus ❌ ❌ - -

Summary Of The Digestion Process Digestionofcarbohydrates:Amylase maltaseCarbohydrate→maltose→Glucose DigestionOfProteins:Protease ProteaseProtein→polypeptides→Aminoacids DigestionOfFats:Physical digestionoflargefatglobulesintotiny fatdropletsby bile LipaseFat→fatty Acids+Glycerol 2.Flow Of Food In e Digestive System 1.Mouth- teethcut andcrushfoodtobreakit intosmaller pieces● Toincreasesurfaceareatodigest faster● Easier toswallow- Salivaryglandssecretesalivacontainingamylase● Salivasoftensandlubricatesfoodfor easier swallowing- Noproteinsor fatsdigestedinthemouth 2.Oesophagus- Muscular tubethat contractsandrelaxesrhythmicallytopushthefooddowntowardsthestomach- Starchinfoodcontinuestobedigestedbysalivaryamylasehere

3. Stomach- Churnstobreakfoodintosmaller piecesandmixesit withgastricjuice● Containshydrochloricacid(killsbacteriaandprovidesrightconditionfor proteasestoact) andprotease- Hasathicklayer or mucustoprotect itstissuesfromdamagecausedbyhydrochloricacidandproteaseingastricjuice- Musclesat bothendscontrol thefoodenteringandleavingit 4.Pancreas ( enrichment )- Producepancreaticjuice● Containsamylase,proteaseandlipasetodigestcarbohydrates,proteinsandfatsrespectively 5.Gall Bladder ( enrichment )- Bileproduceinliver isstoredingall bladder beforereleasedintothesmall intestine● Breaksuplargefat globulesintotinywater droplets(emulsification)● Diagramof howfat isdigested(for visual) 6.Small Intestines- Mainsitefor chemical digestion→numerousenzymesreleased

- Digestednutrientsandmost of thewater andmineral saltsareabsorbedintothebloodstream- Villi(small finger-likethingtohelpabsorbdigestedfood) increasessurfaceareainsmall intestinetohelpspeedupabsorptionof thedigestedfood● Diagramof villi (for visual) 7.Large Intestines- Onlyfoodthat cannot bedigestedentersthelargeintestines- Colonabsorbsremainingwater andmineral salts- Indigestiblefoodandwasteformfaeces- Rectumstoresfaecestemporarilybeforeit leavesthebody 8.Anus- Faecesisexpelledfromthebodythroughtheanus

3. End Product Of Digestion And Its Uses End Product Of Digestion How they are used by the body Glucose(simplesugar) - Used in cells during cellularrespiration to release energy- energy allows cell to carry outfunctions and enable body to grow AminoAcids - Used by cells to make proteins, usedfor growth of new cells and repair ofdamaged tissues FattyAcidsandGlycerol - Both combine again to form fatswhich are stored- help to keep body warm and canalso be oxidised(broken down) torelease energy -