2024 JPJC J2 H1 History Prelims

Jurong Pioneer Junior College 2024 1 Name:__________________________________________ Class:_____________ JURONG PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examination 2024 HISTORY 8838/01 Higher 1 27 August 2024 Paper 1 The Cold War and the Modern World (1945 – 1991) 3 hours Additional materials: Answer Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 5 printed pages and 2 blank pages. [Turn over

Jurong Pioneer Junior College 2024 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. MILITARY ALLIANCES IN EUROPE 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A A Soviet cartoon on the inclusion of West Germany into NATO, produced in 1955. The fish symbolises an atomic bomb. US Army The bib, with the word "ГАРАНТИИ" (guarantees), indicating the supposed assurances given by NATO on the controlled and limited nature of West Germany's rearmament.

Jurong Pioneer Junior College 2024 3 Source B I feel that if (the integration between West Germany and the rest of western Europe) should take place and progress successfully, then we will see a steady social, political, military, and economic advance in Western Germany. This will greatly increase the pressure inside Eastern Germany for joining up with the other part of Germany. It might even become impossible for the Communists to hold the place by force. While out of this situation there might develop conditions that could be almost provocative to a general war, this would come about only if the East--that is, Russia--conducted such a campaign of retaliation, repression, and cruelty that the whole Eastern world would break into flames. However, this could not possibly come about until the West, with the great advantages of (NATO), and with greater unification of Western Europe, would have achieved a position of strength that would certainly deter any Russian plan to risk a global war. From a letter by President Eisenhower to Field Marshall Montgomery on the inclusion of West Germany into NATO, 14 July 1953. Source C It is a well-known fact that already at the end of 1954, the Council of the North Atlantic bloc spoke in favour of arming NATO troops with atomic weapons and increasing NATO’s Western European air forces by one third, as well as expediting the remilitarisation of West Germany. It is worthy of note that certain circles in the United States of America are especially eager to remilitarise West Germany. The dangers created by the aggressive military blocs and the resurrection of German militarism prompt us to consider the issue of joint activities under the Warsaw Treaty to broadly coordinate efforts to increase Warsaw Treaty member-states’ defensive capabilities in support of international peace and security. While planning these activities, we still think that the creation of a collective security system in Europe, based on the involvement of all European countries, regardless of differences in their social and governmental systems, remains the best means of ensuring the security of the countries of Europe. From a speech delivered by USSR Foreign Minister V M Molotov on the rationale of Warsaw Pact, 28th January 1956. [Turn over

Jurong Pioneer Junior College 2024 4 Source D As an instrument of Soviet control, the Warsaw Pact had value as a device for monitoring political and military developments in member states. In the political field, it reminded the signatories of their common ideologies and purpose, underscored the importance of formal interstate ties, and created a mechanism providing a common political forum, over which the Soviet Union at first exercised complete control. In its military aspect, it would eventually lead to the solution of such problems as the status of Soviet troops in the bloc countries, and the consolidation of the Eastern European armies as an effective front line of defense for the Soviet Union. Appraisal of the Warsaw Pact made by America’s Central Intelligence Agency, 6 May 1966. Source E The outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 was crucial for NATO as it raised the apparent threat of all Communist countries working together and forced the alliance to develop concrete military plans. Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) was formed to direct forces in Europe and began work under Supreme Allied Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower in January 1951. In September 1950, the NATO Military Committee called for an ambitious buildup of conventional forces to meet the Soviets. The Warsaw Pact, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe. From an educational website on the origins of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, 2017. Now answer the following questions: (a) Compare and contrast the evidence provided in Sources B and C on the inclusion of West Germany into NATO. [10] (b) How far do Sources A–E support the assertion that the formation of military alliances in Europe was caused by Soviet ambitions? [30]

Jurong Pioneer Junior College 2024 5 Section B You must answer two questions from this section. EITHER 2 'Sino-America relations after 1979 was predominantly influenced by China's security interests.' How far do you agree with this statement? [30] OR 3 Assess the impact of the Yoshida Doctrine on the development of Japan-US ties during the Cold War. [30] AND EITHER 4 'The Third Indochina War ended due to the efforts made by external parties.' How far do you agree with this view? [30] OR 5 To what extent was the fear of communism a consideration of ASEAN cooperation during the Cold War? [30] END OF PAPER

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Jurong Pioneer Junior College 2024 8 Jurong Pioneer Junior College Mark Scheme for JC2 H1 History Preliminary Examination 2024 Section A: Source-based Case Study (c) Compare and contrast the evidence provided in Sources B and C on the inclusion of West Germany into NATO. [10] Success Criteria: #1 Identify and explain a similarity in views between two sources, on a common basis of comparison and supported by source content. #2 Identify and explain a difference in views between two sources, on a common basis of comparison and supported by source content. #3 Prov