CJC 2024 H1 History Prelims QP & Answer Scheme

© 2024 Catholic Junior College JC2 Preliminary Examinations HISTORY 8838/01 Paper 1 The Cold War and the Modern World (1945-1991) 28 August 2024 3 hours No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 5 printed pages and 1 blank page. CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examinations Higher 1

2 2024 Catholic Junior College JC2 Preliminary Examinations Section A You must answer Question 1. SOVIET INVOLVEMENT IN THE KOREAN WAR 1 Read the sources and answer the questions that follow. Source A It is clear that the United States of America is presently distracted from Europe in the Far East. Does it not give us an advantage in the global balance of power? Let us suppose that the American government continues to be tied down in the Far East and also pulls China into the struggle for the freedom of Korea and its own independence. What might come of this? First, America, just like any other country, cannot cope with China, a country with such large armed forces at the ready. It follows that America would overextend itself in this struggle. Second, having overextended itself in this matter, America would be incapable of a third world war in the near future. Therefore, a third world war would be postponed for an indeterminate period, which would provide the time necessary to strengthen socialism in Europe, not to mention that the struggle between America and China would revolutionize the entire Far East. Does all this not give us an advantage from the perspective of the global balance of power? It unquestionably does. From a letter by Stalin to Klement Gottwald, leader of Czechoslovakia, 27 August 1950. Source B Of course, I consider also that the USA, despite its unreadiness for a big war, could still be drawn into a big war out of considerations of prestige, which, in turn, would drag China into the war, and along with this draw into the war the USSR, which is b ound with China by the Mutual Assistance Pact. Should we fear this? In my opinion, we should not, because together we will be stronger than the USA and England, while the other European capitalist states (with the exception of Germany which is unable to provide any assistance to the United States now) do not present serious military forces. If a war is inevitable, then let it be waged now, and not in a few years when Japanese militarism will be restored as an ally of the USA and when the USA and Japan will have a ready -made bridgehead on the continent in a form of the entire Korea run by Syngman Rhee. From a letter by Stalin to Kim Il-Sung, October 1950.

3 2024 Catholic Junior College JC2 Preliminary Examinations Source C Comrade Stalin confirmed to Kim Il Sung that the international environment has sufficiently changed to permit a more active stance on the unification of Korea. Internationally, the Chinese Communist Party’s victory over the Kuomintang has improved the envi ronment for actions in Korea. China is no longer busy with internal fighting and can devote its attention and energy to the assistance of Korea. Now that China has signed a treaty of alliance with the USSR, Americans will be even more hesitant to challenge the Communists in Asia. According to information coming from the United States, it is really so. The prevailing mood is not to interfere. Such a mood is reinforced by the fact that the USSR now has the atomic bomb and that our positions are solidified in Pyongyang. From a Soviet Communist Party report on Kim Il-Sung’s visit to the USSR, April 1950. Source D Cartoon titled “I’ll Make the Down Payment For You”, published in an American newspaper, 31 January 1951.

4 2024 Catholic Junior College JC2 Preliminary Examinations Source E The defensive perimeter runs from Ryukyus to the Philippine Islands. Our relations, our defensive relations with the Philippines are contained in agreements between us. Those agreements are being loyally carried out and will be loyally carried out. Both pe oples have learned by bitter experience the vital connections between our mutual defence requirements. So far as the military security of other areas in the Pacific is concerned, it must be clear that no person can guarantee these areas against military attack. But it must also be clear that such a guarantee is hardly sensible or necessary within the realm of practical relationship. Should such an attack occur, one hesitates to say where such an armed attack could come from, the initial reliance must be on the people attacked to resist it and then upon the commitments of the entire civilized world under the Charter of the United Natio ns, which so far has not proved a weak reed to lean on by any people who are determined to protect their independence against outside aggression. From a speech by US Secretary of State, Dean Acheson, 12 January 1950. Now answer the following questions: (a) Compare and contrast the evidence in Sources A and B about Stalin’s views on China’s role in the conflict in Korea. [10] (b) How far do Sources A -E support the assertion that the primary motivation behind Soviet support for North Korea’s invasion of South Korea was to entangle the US in a war in Asia? [30]

5 2024 Catholic Junior College JC2 Preliminary Examinations Section B You must answer two questions from this section. EITHER 2 How far did the issue of Taiwan affect the development of Sino -American relations from 1950 to 1991? [30] OR 3 “Japan had little influence over the development of her relations with the US during the Cold War.” Discuss, with reference to the period 1952-1991. [30] AND EITHER 4 “ASEAN was highly responsive to the challenges posed by the Cold War in Southeast Asia .” Discuss. [30] OR 5 How far was Singapore’s foreign policy during the Cold War anti-Communist in nature? [30] Acknowledgements for Sources: Source A - https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/letter-filipov-stalin-soviet-ambassador-prague-conveying-message-cssr-leader- klement Source B - https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/letter-feng-xi-stalin-kim-il-sung-shtytkov Source C - http://www.commonprogram.science/documents/25-4-1950.pdf Source D - https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/herblock-gallery/communism.html#obj002 Source E - https://web.viu.ca/davies/H102/Acheson.speech1950.htm

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7 2024 Catholic Junior College JC2 Preliminary Examinations Mark and Answer Schemes Section A: Source-based Case Study 1a. Compare and contrast the evidence in Sources A and B about Stalin’s views on China’s role in the conflict in Korea. [10] Suc