elect geog specimen paper marking scheme

Page 1 of 9 GEOGRAPHY 2260/02 Paper 2 For Examination from 2024 SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Question Geography in Everyday Life Cluster Marks 1(a) Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows pelicans crossing a road in London, UK. With reference to Fig. 1.1, explain how local communities and nearby nature areas can negatively affect each other. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how local communities and nearby nature negatively affect each other, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • The pelicans would be killed or injured by passing motor vehicles [1 mark]. The accident could cause disruption and delays to travel and people going to work [1 additional mark]. • Wildlife might attack people in self-defence when they are provoked [1 mark]. During such attacks both wildlife and people may get injured [1 additional mark]. AO2 2 1(b) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), showing two precincts in the Clementi Neighbourhood, Singapore. Using Fig. 1.2, describe the differences between precinct 1 and precinct 2. Award 1 mark for each description of each difference in layout between precincts 1 and 2, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Precinct 1 has fewer amenities than Precinct 2 [1 mark]. The latter has only one playground and no fitness ar eas, while the former has more than one playground and fitness area [1 additional mark]. • Precinct 1 has fewer but bigger buildings than those in Precinct 2 [1 mark]. • Precinct 1 is more densely built-up while Precinct 2 is more spread out and more random [1 mark]. AO2 3 1(c)(i) Study Fig. 1.3 (Insert), which shows a view of part of a city. Identify the hazard shown in Fig. 1.3. [1] Award 1 mark for identification of hazard. Possible responses include: • Air pollution [1 mark] AO1 1 DRAFT

Page 2 of 9 1(c)(ii) With reference to Fig. 1.3, explain how the hazard shown could affect people in this city. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how air pollution could affect people , to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Air pollution caused by industries could gravely affect the health of people living nearby [1 mark]. Prolonged exposure to polluted air may result in people developing heart diseases and lung cancer [1 additional mark]. • Polluted air could quickly blanket a large part of the city, causing respiratory infection [1 mark]. AO2 2 1(d) With reference to Table 1.1, evaluate the validity of the students’ findings regarding the popularity of the War Memorial Park. [6] Award 1 mark for each evaluation of the validity of the students’ findings , to a maximum of 6 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each evaluation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • The findings are valid because the data collected addresses the investigation question, highlighting the more popular check-in times [1 mark]. On all days when data is available, visitors prefer check-times after 6pm [1 additional mark]. • The findings are valid because the data was collected using mobile phone ‘check-ins’ that are captured when visitors are physically at the park [1 mark]. • The findings may not be valid because there are visitors who did not check - in using their mobile phones thus the data misrepresent the parks’ popularity [1 mark]. These visitors could be either young children or elderly who may not be familiar with using mobile phones to check -in at attractions [1 additional mark]. • The findings may not be valid because visitors might have checked-in but did not really explore the park [1 mark]. This could happen for visitors who had purchase bundled promotions at a flat fee, for example, the London Pass and the Copenhagen Card [1 additional mark]. AO3 6 DRAFT

Page 3 of 9 Question Tourism Cluster Mark 2(a) Explain why some tourist regions experience stagnation. Award 1 mark for each explanation on why some tourist regions experience stagnation, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • These tourist regions that experience stagnation could not attract more visitors as the natural environments in these regions were destroyed over time [1 mark]. This resulted in the natural environments lose their appeal to visitors who were originally drawn by their natural beauty [1 additional mark]. • These regions may also face competition from other similar attractions and unable to attract repeat visitors [1 mark]. For example, the once popular coastal tourist destination resort destination of Blackpool in England had los t its attractiveness due to competition from similar coastal attractions in the Mediterranean [1 additional mark]. • People become bored with the destination once the initial appeal has waned [1 mark] so they seek to find new resorts causing stagnation of the original location [1 additional mark]. AO1 4 2(b)(i) Using Table 2.1, complete the line graph (Fig. 2.1) for visitor arrivals in 2020. [1] Award 1 mark for accurate plot. AO2 1 DRAFT

Page 4 of 9 2(b)(ii) Describe the trend of visitor arrivals to Kenya between 2012 and 2020. Award 1 mark for each description of the trend of visitor arrivals to Kenya, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for a further development each description, where applicable. Possible responses include: • There was a decline in visitor arrivals between 2012 and 2015 [1 mark]. • Visitor arrivals rebounded in 2015 until 2018 [1 mark]. • In 2019, visitor arrivals fell sharply [1 mark]. Within a year, it fell by about two thirds [1 additional mark]. AO2 3 2(c)(i) Study Fig. 2.2 (Insert), which shows a beach in Boracay, the Philippines. With reference to Fig. 2.2, describe the negative impact of tourism on the natural environment. Award 1 mark for each description of the negative impact of tourism on the natural environment, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of the description, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Rainwater and waves seeping through the rubbish can pollute coastal waters and cause it to be brackish [1 mark]. Polluted waters can cause destruction and death to nearby marine life and habitats thus affecting the natural environment negatively [1 additional mark]. • Massive amounts of disposed wastes left by tourists, which has accumulated on the beach causes land pollution [1 mark]. Nearby land and marine animals may ingest these wastes and are choked to death [1 additional mark]. AO2 3 2(c)(ii) With reference to Fig. 2.2, suggest why it is difficult to reduce the negative impact of tourism on the natural environment. Award 1 mark for each suggested reason as to why it is difficult to reduce the negative impact of tourism on the natural environment, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for a further development of the suggested reason, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Local authorities with limited funds can only focus on providing basic needs like utilities and lack resources to also manage pollution caused by mass tourism [1 mark]. Many tourist destinations in developing countries would find it too costly to construct sewage treatment facilities and install waste disposal systems to prevent pollution [1 additional mark]. • For tourist destinations that depends mainly on tourist spending, they often cannot afford to close off locations temporarily for them to recover from pollution [1 mark]. AO1 2 DRAFT

Page 5 of 9 2(d)(i) Study Fig. 2.3, which shows the results of a survey with tourists