Elective Geog Notes (Tourism & Tectonics) - New syllabus

Read me!Thesenotesarefor tourism+tectonicsfor thenewelectivegeographysyllabus(2260)2024onwards.Thesenotesdonot cover everytopicinthesyllabus, sopleasestudyit alongsidethenotesgivenbyyour school teachers. Someof theinformationbelowisnot fromthetextbookasit isgivenbymyownschool teachers, donot blindlymemoriseunlessyouunderstandthecontentwell. Thanksandgoodluck! PRIMEEXAMPLES: 1. 2010Haiti Earthquake(Port-au-Prince)a. Mw7, 220thousanddeaths, 250thousandhousescollapsed(developingcountry)b. Duetolowqualitybuildings(low-qualityconcrete), 90%of buildingscollapsedi. Duetopoor governanceandcorruptionii. Government prioritieseconomicdevelopmentc. Monitoringandwarningsystemsmalfunctionedi. Countrylacksresourcesandfinancestomaintaind. Port-au-Princelocatedonsoft soil →seismicwavesamplifiede. Denselypopulatedcity→morepeopleexposedf. City25kmfromepicentre→moreexposedriskg. SearchandRescue:i. 7S&Rteamsdeployed, 130rescuedii. Shortageof ambulances&heavymachinery(delayedtime)h. After water supplywasdisrupted, UNICEFprovidedcleanwater, food, shelterandmedical assistance2. 2010-2011Christchurch, NewZealandEarthquakea. 60thousandbuildingsdamaged3. 2008Great SichuanEarthquakea. Mw7.9, 15thousandlandslides, 20thousanddeaths4. 2011TohokuEarthquake/Tsunamia. Mw9, 40mtall wave, 18thousanddeathsi. LowdeathsdespitehighmagnitudeduetoJapan’shazardresistantbuildingsb. Durationof shaking: 6minsc. Fukushimapower plant destroyed→radioactivewasted. Warningsystemssent out tostopall 19bullet trains, savingmanypassengerse. Evacuation: Duetomanydrill exercises, all 3000studentsof Kamaishi citysurvivedastheyevacuatedtohigher groundsf. 500khomelesspeoplewererehousedinsettlementswithhazard-resistantdesigns5. 2018Mt Kilauea, Hawaii Volcanoa. 0VEI, 24injured

b. 600homesdestroyed+1000hectaresof landburnedbylavaflowc. Shieldvolcanoi. Lowsilica, effusiveeruption, broadbase, gentlesides, broadsummitd. Popular tourist destination(MaunaLoatoo)i. Total earnings: $88millionannually, localshavejobopportunities 6. 2010Mt Merapi, Indonesiaa. 2-3VEI, 350peoplekilled, 350kevacuatedb. Stratovolcanoi. Highsilica, narrowbase, steepsides, narrowsummitii. Not veryexplosiveasgasescapeseasily(anomaly)iii. Pyroclasticflowtravelled3kmc. Volcanosandsminedtoobtainmaterial for buildingconstructiond. Fertilesoil producedfor growingrice7. 2010Chileearthquakea. Me8.8, 500deathsalthoughit isadevelopingcountryi. Stakeholdersput infundstoreducedisaster risk8. 1995KobeJapanEarthquakea. Mw6.9, 6000deaths, 40kinjuredb. Timeof shaking: 6amc. Denselypopulatedat 3000ppl per km^29. 2017Mt Agung, Indonesiaa. HighVEIb. Fertilesoil: Ricegrowinginnearbyricefieldsc. Tourism: sceniclandscapesd. Lahars: triggeredduetoheavyrainfall fromtyphoon10. 1991Mt Pinatubo, Philippinesa. Respiratoryillness, 7airportsclosed, destroyed800km^2of ricefieldsb. Windsat 20m/s→ashfall andtephrawasspreadextensivelyi. 90khectaresof farmlanddamaged11. Mt Sinabunga. Manysettlementswithin3kmradius(greater exposure)12. 2018Palu, IndonesiaEarthquakea. Mw7.4,