2024 CGSS SEC4EXP Geog PRELIM MS

CEDARGIRLS’SECONDARYSCHOOLPreliminaryExamination2024SecondaryFour CANDIDATENAME CLASS INDEXNUMBER SuggestedAnswerScheme Thisdocumentconsistsof13printedpages. [Turnover

2 CedarGirls’SecondarySchool 2236/01/EYE2021 [Turnover

3 SectionA Answer Question1andQuestion2. 1 Cluster 1: GeographyinEverydayLife (a) StudyFig. 1.1(Insert) whichshowsanactivityfor senior citizens.Explain howthe activity in Fig. 1.1 helps enhance the senior citizens’ sense of place.[3] Activityfor senior citizens Fig. 1.1 Award1mfor eachexplanationof howtheactivityleadstoasenseof place. Possibleresponsesinclude:▪ repeated encounters at the swimming pool helps senior citizens recall thecharacter andfeaturesthereandcreatemeaningsandmemoriesof theplace[1]▪ repeated encounters with other senior citizens and the trainers helps seniorcitizens develop fond memories that took place at the swimming pool to createmeaningsandmemoriesof theplace[1]▪ swimming pool isalandmarkintheneighbourhoodwhichishighlyvisibleandeasyfor senior citizenstoremember [1]▪ swimming pool is the only place in the neighbourhood where thisactivitycantakeplaceat [1]

4 (b) StudyFig.1.2(Insert), whichshowsnatureinanurbanenvironment. Natureinanurbanenvironment Fig. 1.2 UsingFig. 1.2, explainhowregulatingecosystemservicesareprovidedbynature. [3] Award 1 mark explaining hownature serves as a regulating ecosystemservice in anurbanenvironment, uptoamaximumof 2marks.Award a max. of 1 additional markfor further development of eachexplanation, whereapplicable. Possibleresponsesinclude:Natureregulatestemperatureby[1each]● duringphotosynthesis, plantstakeinCO2 andreleaseO2 whichlowerstemperatureof surroundingenvironment● incarbonsequestration, plantsabsorbCO2 fromtheair astheygrowandbinditintothebiomass. Thislowerstheconcentrationof CO2 intheatmospheretolower temperature● treesandother largeplantsprovideshade, whichreducestheamount of directsunlight reachingthegroundandbuildingstolower temperature● shadingreducestheurbanheat islandeffect, aphenomenonwherecitiestendtobewarmer thansurroundingrural areasduetoduetohumanactivitiesandheat-absorbingmaterialslikeconcretesurfaces● buildingswithgreenroofs&wallsabsorbUVradiation&tocool downinteriortemperatureof buildingsNatureregulatesfloodingby[1each]● root systemsof plants, especiallytrees, bindthesoil toreducesoil erosion.Lower ratesof soil particlescollectedonreservoir/ river bedsslowsdownrateofwater level risingtominimiseflooding● leavesandbranchessoftenimpact of precipitationfallingongroundtoaidhigherinfiltration, hencelowerssurfacerunoff andregulatesflooding● rootsof plantsandtreesabsorbwater fromthesoil, whichreducestheamount ofsurfacerunoff duringheavyrainfall, decreasingfloodingNatureregulatesair qualityby[1]● trees&other plantsremovepollutantslikesmog&ground-level ozone,contributingtobetter air quality

5 (c) StudyFig. 1.3, whichshowsoneof thesixpillarsof Total Defence. Civil Defence Avigilant andpreparedsociety, withacrisis-readymindset. Fig. 1.3 With reference to Fig. 1.3, suggest howthe role of Civil Defence strengthens acommunity’sresiliencetoresist, adapt andrecover fromadisaster. [2]Award1markfor describingeachfactor. Possibleresponsesinclude: [1each] ▪ resist: people attend preparedness training eg fire drills, first aidwhichhelpsindividuals and groups know what to do in the event of a disaster, reducingpanic and increasing the community's abilitytoresist theimmediateimpacts.Other factors: publicwarningsystem, education… ▪ adapt: during a disaster, people can mitigate the problem before theprofessionalsarriveegput out fires, doCPR/providefirst aid ▪ recover: after a disaster, Civil Defence can coordinate the response efforts,ensuring that resources and assistance are distributed efficiently andeffectively. This coordination helps to minimize chaos and ensures that therecoveryprocessbeginspromptly

6 (d) Agroup of students were investigating the popularity of SingaporeBotanical Gardensamong the locals, especially senior citizens. Their hypothesis was “The SingaporeBotanical Gardensispopular withsenior citizens, mainlyfor itsorchiddisplay.” They counted the number of visitors at all the 3 gateways of the Botanical Gardensfrom9.00 amto 10.00 amon one weekday morning. The resultsarecollatedinTable1.1. Table1.1 No. of visitorsat theSingaporeBotanical Gardensonaweekdayfrom9.00-10.00am Venue Youngpeople Adults SeniorCitizensGate1(Tanglin) 5 29 34Gate2(Nassim) 17 61 40Gate3(Bukit Timah) 2 42 39 The students also did an interviewwith 30 senior citizens(10at eachgate) tofindoutif they visited the Botanical Gardens for the orchid displays at the National OrchidGarden. TheresultsarecollatedinTable1.2. Table1.2 Activitiesthat senior citizensparticipatedat theBotanical Gardens Activitiesat placesvisitedbyseniorcitizens No. ofseniorcitizensAdmiringtheorchiddisplayatNational OrchidGarden 16Briskwalkingat SymphonyLakeanditssurroundinggardens 1Breakfast at restaurantslocatedwithintheBotanical Gardens 10Others: accompanygrandchildrenattheJacobBallasplayground 3 Using Tables 1.1 and 1.2, evaluate the validityof thestudents’ findingsregardingtheirhypothesis. [6] Award 1 mark for each evaluation of the validity of the students’ findings, toamax. of4marks.Award1markfor useof data, toamax. of 2marks.Award a max. 1 additional mark for further development of each evaluation, whereapplicable. Possibleresponsesinclude:- (V) Thefindingsarevalidbecausethedatacollectedaddressestheinvestigationquestion, lookingat whether thereisahigher number of senior citizensat theBotanical Gardens, andaretheremainlyfor theorchiddisplays. [1]

7 - (V) Theyalsocheckedthenumber of visitorsbydoingacount over aspecifictimeat all 3gatewaysfor fairnessinthecollectionof samplesize, for fairness. [1]- (V/NV) Thefindingsarenot validbecausepart of thehypothesisisrejected. Thedatacollected, highlightsthat thehighest number of visitorstotheBotanicalGardensareadultsastherewere132of themwhilethesenior citizensare113.Thefindingsfor senior citizens’ interestsarevalidas16senior citizens(slightlyabove50%) didvisit theNational OrchidGarden. [1] [1mfor hypothesisanalysis&1mfor evidence].- (V) Therewasanoptionfor ‘other reasons’ givenhencemakingthequestionnairemeaningful andstudentscaninvestigatefuther. [1]- (NV) Thefindingsmaynot bevalidasit isaweekdayfrom9.00am- 10.00amhencemorechildrenmaybeat school; not representativeof thepopulationsize/typeof visitors. [1](other factors)- [NV] Thestudentsmaymakeanassumptionbasedontheir observationsintermsof agegroupe.g. somesenior citizensmaylookyounger. [1]- [NV] However, thereisanexceptionas10elderly(33%) didgotoBotanicalGardensfor breakfast, asthenumber ishightooandcoincidedwiththetiming(morningfor breakfast). Needfor further investigation(e.g. askadditionalquestions) [1]- [NV] Studentsshouldconsider thosewhovisitedBotanicGardensasafamily–shouldtheyhavecountedthemindifferent agegroupsor haveaseparatecategory?[1]

8 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), which shows the percentage share of monthly cruisepassengersbyregionof destinationin2012. ComparethetrendsshowninFig. 2.1. [5] Monthlycruisepassengersbyregionof destinationin2012 Fig. 2.1

9 Award1markfor identifyingachange, toamax. of 4marks.Awardamaximumof 1additional markfor supportingevidence.Awardamaximumof 1additional markfor development of thepoints. Possibleresponsesinclude:Similarity● Alaska&Australia-NewZealand: popularityof cruiseonlyinspecificmonths(seasonal) e.g. Alaskafor monthsof MaytoSeptember only. [1] May9%andpeakedinJuneat 13%, anddipto7%inSeptember. [1add’l m] For Australia, itisthesame.● Alaska’scruisetrendissimilar toNorthernEurope’s[1] except that inAlaska, inother months, notrips, whileNorthenEurope, inother months, whiletherearetrips, but it isfewer. [1]● Caribbean&MexicoandCentral America: hascruisesgoingonthroughout theyear –middleof theyear, cruiseistheleast, far greater intheendtobeginningof theyear. Difference● Europe: SouthEuropehasalarger cruisemarket thanNorthEuropethroughout theyear. [1] (b) Explainhow